{"id":3806,"date":"2019-03-05T00:15:32","date_gmt":"2019-03-04T20:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=3806"},"modified":"2019-03-05T00:15:32","modified_gmt":"2019-03-04T20:15:32","slug":"bios-v%c9%99-cmos-haqqinda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=3806","title":{"rendered":"BIOS v\u0259 CMOS haqq\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"
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BIOS<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0v\u0259\u00a0CMOS<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n

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BIOS<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0basic Input\/Output System<\/em>:\u00a0 Sad\u0259 giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f sistemi<\/p>\n

Loru dild\u0259 des\u0259k\u00a0BIOS<\/em>\u00a0anakart \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki b\u00fct\u00fcn hiss\u0259l\u0259ri bir bir il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f edir. Hans\u0131 hiss\u0259nin harda oldu\u011funu t\u0259yin ed\u0259r v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 bildir\u0259r.\u00a0BIOS<\/strong>\u00a0EEPROM<\/em>\u00a0qurulu\u015fludur (EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable ReadOnly Memory). Komp\u00fcter s\u00f6ns\u0259 bel\u0259 proqramlar silinm\u0259z. Sistem a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra detallar\u0131n bir biri il\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sini \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi t\u0259min ed\u0259r.<\/p>\n

CMOS<\/strong>\u2013\u00a0Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor<\/em>.\u00a0CMOS\u00a0BIOS<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259nl\u0259ri, y\u0259ni proqram\u0131 deyil, sad\u0259c\u0259 BIOS-dak\u0131 proqramlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n oxunacaq veril\u0259nl\u0259ri saxlay\u0131r. CMOS RAM qurulu\u015fludur. Y\u0259ni enerji k\u0259sil\u0259rs\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn veril\u0259nl\u0259r silin\u0259r. Bunun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayr\u0131ca batareyadan istifad\u0259 olunur. Komp\u00fcter s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olsa bel\u0259 bu batareya CMOS-u enerji il\u0259 t\u0259min edir. Bu batareya d\u0259yi\u015fdiril\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu enerji k\u0259sil\u0259rs\u0259 CMOS sistem t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rini s\u0131f\u0131rlayar, tarix v\u0259 saat g\u00f6st\u0259ricisinin istehsal tarixini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259si kimi.<\/p>\n

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Pc-nin ilk a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda BIOS m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. BIOS istehsal\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131, Prosessor, RAM v\u0259 dig\u0259r hiss\u0259l\u0259r haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar, BIOS versiyas\u0131, CMOS-a daxil olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0131sayollar bu ekranda g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. PC hiss\u0259l\u0259ri CPU il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 yaratmak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn proqrama ehtiyac duyarlar. Bu proqramlar 3 ayr\u0131 yerd\u0259 ola bil\u0259rl\u0259r: Klassik BIOS: Anakart \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki ROM i\u00e7ind\u0259, BYOB : Geni\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 kart\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki ROM i\u00e7ind\u0259, S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc proqram\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi i\u00e7ind\u0259.<\/p>\n

\u0130ndi is\u0259 q\u0131sa olaraq CMOS k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7i proqram\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olaq: \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, h\u0259r istehsal\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n CMOS proqram g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc eyni deyil, ancaq f\u0259rqli qurulu\u015flarda olsalar da eyni funksiyan\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirirl\u0259r. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259mizd\u0259 \u201cPhoenixBIOS Setup Utility\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k bu proqram haqq\u0131nda q\u0131sa da olsa m\u0259lumat verm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131q<\/p>\n

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\u201cMain\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u0259 ya\u00a0\u201cStandart CMOS Setup\u201d<\/em>\u00a0menyusundan saat, tarix v\u0259 disk x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/p>\n

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\u201cAdvanced\u201d<\/em>\u00a0b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc alt\u0131nda bir \u00e7ox dig\u0259r BIOS t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. Qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, bu b\u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fckl\u0259riniz f\u0259rqli ola bil\u0259r. Bu haqda m\u0259lumats\u0131z olanlar\u0131n BIOS-da d\u0259yi\u015fiklik etm\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcr. Bilm\u0259d\u0259n olunan d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r b\u0259zi sistem x\u0259talar\u0131na, sistem ili\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 yol a\u00e7a bil\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 ehtiyatl\u0131 davranma\u011f\u0131n\u0131z t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 olunur. H\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 BIOS-da d\u0259yi\u015fiklik etm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131 verdikd\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, eyni vaxtda yaln\u0131z bir konfiqurasiyan\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259siniz, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu x\u0259tan\u0131n yaranma s\u0259b\u0259bini t\u0259yin etm\u0259kd\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k ola bil\u0259r. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi eyni vaxtda etdikd\u0259n sonra sistem x\u0259tas\u0131 ba\u015f ver\u0259rs\u0259, hans\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fikliliyin d\u00fczg\u00fcn v\u0259 ya s\u0259hv olmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015f\u0259r.<\/p>\n

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\u201cSecurity\u201d<\/em>\u00a0b\u00f6lm\u0259si ad\u0131ndan da g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u201cBoot\u201d<\/em>\u00a0b\u00f6lm\u0259si alt\u0131ndan is\u0259 Sistemin ilkin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f diskini, y\u0259ni s\u0259rt diskd\u0259nmi, yoxsa cd-d\u0259nmi ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/p>\n

\u201cExit\u201d<\/em>\u00a0b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc is\u0259 proqramdan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Buradan ist\u0259y\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq etdiyiniz d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri yadda saxlay\u0131b v\u0259 ya l\u0259\u011fv edib, zavod t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 geri d\u00f6n\u00fcb proqramdan \u00e7\u0131xa bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/p>\n

Bir \u015feyi n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, yuxar\u0131da qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, b\u00fct\u00fcn BIOS menyular\u0131 eyni deyildir. Sizin qar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ekran tamam ba\u015fqa ola bil\u0259r!<\/p>\n

PC a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131qda ilk i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n hiss\u0259 CPU-dur. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 \u201cpower good\u201d adlanan kabel CPU-ya d\u00fczg\u00fcn enerji g\u0259lib g\u0259lm\u0259diyini yoxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn oxunur. Daha sonra BIOS \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki bir proqram olan POST m\u00fcdd\u0259ti ba\u015flayar. POST h\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015fda sistemi x\u0259talara qar\u015f\u0131 yoxlayan bir proqram i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259tidir. B\u00fct\u00fcn hiss\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u201c\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc yoxlay\u0131n\u201d \u0259mrini g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259r v\u0259 x\u0259ta yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda bu x\u0259ta haqq\u0131nda \u201cBeep\u201d s\u0259sl\u0259ri v\u0259 ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 mesajlar \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 m\u0259lumat ver\u0259r. \u00a0\u201cBeep\u201d s\u0259sl\u0259rinin istifad\u0259si azalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. X\u00fcsusi beep s\u0259sl\u0259rini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn anakart kitablar\u0131na bax\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. 1 v\u0259 2 q\u0131sa s\u0259s : h\u0259r \u015fey qaydas\u0131ndad\u0131r, 1 uzun+3 q\u0131sa s\u0259s : ekran kart\u0131 yoxdu v\u0259 ya x\u0259tal\u0131d\u0131r, davaml\u0131 s\u0259sl\u0259r: RAM yoxdu v\u0259 ya x\u0259tal\u0131d\u0131r m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259r. Ekrana g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckd\u0259n sonra x\u0259talar haqq\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 mesajlar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259r.<\/p>\n

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POST kartlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

POST kartlar\u0131 ad\u0259t\u0259n PCI geni\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 yuvalar\u0131na tax\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 x\u0259talar bar\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259lumat ver\u0259r. Ancaq x\u0259talar\u0131 d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259z, sad\u0259c\u0259 h\u0259ll \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hans\u0131 hiss\u0259y\u0259 baxmaq laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu bildir\u0259r.<\/p>\n

BIOS-un yeni versiyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131yla, ya da virus t\u0259sirind\u0259n silinm\u0259si kimi hallarda BIOS-u yenil\u0259m\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 yarana bil\u0259r. Yenil\u0259m\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 anakart modeli , haz\u0131rki BIOs versiyas\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259lidir. \u018fg\u0259r vacib is\u0259 BIOS yenil\u0259nm\u0259si edin. Laz\u0131m\u0131 BIOS flash proqram\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etdiyiniz\u0259 \u0259min olun. Bu proqramlar\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lki versiyan\u0131n kopyas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti vard\u0131r, bundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k \u201cbackup\u201d al\u0131n. \u00a0BIOS flash \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 zaman\u0131 komputerinizi s\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u0259yin, v\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r varsa PC-ni UPS-\u0259 qo\u015fun. BIOS flash proqram\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 BIOS \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 fay\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 istehsal\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n internet s\u0259hif\u0259sind\u0259n \u0259ld\u0259 edin. B\u00fct\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131q proqramlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131n v\u0259 laz\u0131m\u0131 \u0259mrl\u0259ri d\u00fczg\u00fcn icra edin.<\/p>\n

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CMOS m\u0259nb\u0259li x\u0259talar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015fda al\u0131nan b\u0259zi x\u0259ta mesajlar\u0131, CMOS Configuration mismatch (CMOS konfiqurasiya uy\u011funsuzlu\u011fu), CMOS date time not set(CMOS tarix v\u0259 zaman nizamlanmay\u0131b), No boot device available(\u0130stifad\u0259 olunacaq boot cihaz\u0131 m\u00f6vcud deyil), CMOS battery state low(CMOS batareyas\u0131 z\u0259ifdir), komp\u00fcter tarixinin h\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015fda s\u0131f\u0131rlanmas\u0131, b\u0259z\u0259n Windows-un a\u00e7\u0131la bilm\u0259m\u0259si kimi x\u0259talar CMOS m\u0259nb\u0259li ola bil\u0259r.\u00a0 Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi is\u0259 CMOS batareyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rp\u0259nm\u0259si, toz y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7ipin s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 v\u0259 enerji x\u0259talar\u0131 ola bil\u0259r. \u00a0Bu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri aradan qald\u0131raraq yaranm\u0131\u015f x\u0259talar\u0131 d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

M\u00fc\u0259llif: R\u00f6yal \u018fmrahov<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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