{"id":4396,"date":"2019-06-01T20:24:02","date_gmt":"2019-06-01T16:24:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=4396"},"modified":"2019-06-01T20:24:02","modified_gmt":"2019-06-01T16:24:02","slug":"az%c9%99rbaycan-v%c9%99-socarin-tarixi-socar-in-imtahanlarina-hazirlasanlar-ucun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=4396","title":{"rendered":"AZ\u018fRBAYCAN v\u0259 SOCARIN TAR\u0130X\u0130 (Socar-\u0131n imtahanlar\u0131na haz\u0131rla\u015fanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

AZ\u018fRBAYCAN v\u0259 SOCARIN TAR\u0130X\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0Az\u0259rbaycan tarixi haqq\u0131nda \u00fcmumi m\u0259lumat.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u015eimaldan \u2013 Ba\u015f Qafqaz da\u011flar\u0131, q\u0259rbd\u0259n \u2013 G\u00f6y\u00e7\u0259 g\u00f6l\u00fc h\u00f6vz\u0259si d\u0259 daxil olmaqla Alag\u00f6z da\u011f silsil\u0259si v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Anadolu, \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259n \u2013 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi, c\u0259nubdan is\u0259 Sultaniyy\u0259\u2013Z\u0259ncan\u2013H\u0259m\u0259dan h\u00fcdudlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunan tarixi Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131 m\u00fcasir sivilizasiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259n q\u0259dim m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 bu \u0259razid\u0259 \u2013 tarixi Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda z\u0259ngin v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus bir m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan ad\u0131n\u0131n tarixi t\u0259l\u0259ff\u00fcz\u00fc m\u00fcxt\u0259lif olmu\u015fdur. Qaynaqlarda bu ad q\u0259dimd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Andirpatian, Atropatena, Adirbican, Azirbican v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, Az\u0259rbaycan \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015fdir.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan q\u0259dim tarixi arxeoloji, etnoqrafik, antropoloji v\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 qaynaqlar \u0259sas\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Arxeoloji qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar zaman\u0131 a\u015fkar edilmi\u015f \u0259\u015fyalar Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n maddi\u2013m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t tarixini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 imkan vermi\u015fdir. Tarixi qaynaqlar v\u0259 ekspedisiyalar zaman\u0131 toplanan etnoqrafik materiallar \u0259sas\u0131nda ad\u0259t\u2013\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r, maddi\u2013m\u0259n\u0259vi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, ke\u00e7mi\u015f idar\u0259 formalar\u0131, ail\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 s. \u00f6yr\u0259nilir.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 \u0259razisind\u0259 apar\u0131lan arxeoloji t\u0259dqiqatlar zaman\u0131 ilk sakinl\u0259rin m\u0259skunla\u015fmas\u0131na aid z\u0259ngin maddi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri a\u015fkar olunmu\u015f v\u0259 bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 respublikam\u0131z\u0131n \u0259razisid\u0259 insan\u0131n formala\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259r siyah\u0131s\u0131na daxil olunmas\u0131na z\u0259min yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 haz\u0131rda ilk ibtidai insanlar\u0131n 1,7\u20131,8 milyon il bundan \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259n ya\u015fama\u011fa ba\u015flamas\u0131na aid \u0259n q\u0259dim arxeoloji v\u0259 paleontoloji materiallar tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisi bu diyar\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim insan m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259rind\u0259n biri oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbut ed\u0259n arxeoloji abid\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 z\u0259ngindir. Az\u0131x, Ta\u011flar, Damc\u0131l\u0131, Da\u015fsalahl\u0131, Qazma (Nax\u00e7\u0131van) ma\u011faralar\u0131nda, habel\u0259 ba\u015fqa abid\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 a\u015fkar olunan arxeoloji tap\u0131nt\u0131lar, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n 300\u2013400 min il bundan \u0259vv\u0259l ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f A\u015f\u00f6l d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 aid q\u0259dim insan\u0131n \u2013 Az\u0131x adam\u0131n\u0131n (Az\u0131xantrop) \u00e7\u0259n\u0259 s\u00fcm\u00fcy\u00fc Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ibtidai insanlar\u0131n formala\u015fd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259raziy\u0259 daxil oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbut edir.
\nBu nadir tap\u0131nt\u0131ya g\u00f6r\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisi “Avropan\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim sakinl\u0259ri” x\u0259rit\u0259sin\u0259 daxil edilmi\u015fdir.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131, eyni zamanda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 malik olan xalqlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 t\u0259qrib\u0259n 5 min illik d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik tarixin\u0259 malikdir. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 ilk d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurumlar\u0131 v\u0259 ya etnik\u2013siyasi birlikl\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l IV minilliyin sonu \u2013 III minilliyin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Urmiya h\u00f6vz\u0259sind\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Burada meydana g\u0259lmi\u015f \u0259n q\u0259dim Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri b\u00fct\u00fcn regionun h\u0259rbi\u2013siyasi tarixind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131lar. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda D\u0259cl\u0259 v\u0259 F\u0259rat vadil\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n v\u0259 d\u00fcnya tarixind\u0259 d\u0259rin iz qoymu\u015f q\u0259dim \u015eumer, Akkard v\u0259 A\u015f\u015fur (Assuriya) d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri, habel\u0259 Ki\u00e7ik Asiyadak\u0131 Het d\u00f6vl\u0259ti aras\u0131nda s\u0131x qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r vard\u0131.
\nEram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l I minillikd\u0259 \u2013 bizim eran\u0131n I minilliyinin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda Manna, \u0130skit (Skit, Skif) \u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Atropatena v\u0259 Albaniya kimi q\u00fcvv\u0259tli d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur. Bu d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycanda d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin daha da y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259sind\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259nin iqtisadi\u2013m\u0259d\u0259ni tarixind\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 vahid xalq\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fc prosesind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynam\u0131\u015flar.
\nEram\u0131z\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259miz \u00f6z tarixinin \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r s\u0131naq d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259n biri il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131: III \u0259srd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 Sasani\u2013\u0130ran imperiyas\u0131, VII \u0259srd\u0259 is\u0259 \u018fr\u0259b xilaf\u0259ti i\u015f\u011fal etdi. \u0130\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lar \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n v\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rind\u0259n \u00e7oxlu \u0130ran v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li \u0259hali k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcb g\u0259tirdil\u0259r.
\nEram\u0131z\u0131n ilk y\u00fczillikl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n v\u0259 h\u0259rbi\u2013siyasi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n daha m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil v\u0259 daha q\u00fcvv\u0259tli olan t\u00fcrk etnoslar\u0131 vahid xalq\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259k\u00fcl\u00fc prosesind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131lar. T\u00fcrk etnoslar\u0131 i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 o\u011fuz t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r.
\nEram\u0131z\u0131n ilk y\u00fczillikl\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq, t\u00fcrk dili Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 ya\u015fayan v\u0259 sayca az olan xalqlar, etnik qruplar aras\u0131nda da ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t vasit\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259kd\u0259 idi. T\u00fcrk dili, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u015fimalla c\u0259nub aras\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fdirici, \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirici rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131. Bu amilin o zaman vahid xalq\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fc prosesind\u0259 \u00e7ox m\u00fch\u00fcm rolu vard\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnki b\u0259hs olunan d\u00f6vrd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n vahid dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u2013 t\u0259kallahl\u0131 din yox idi. Q\u0259dim t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin ba\u015f Allah\u0131 olan Tanr\u0131ya sitayi\u015f \u2013 tanr\u0131\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q h\u0259l\u0259 ba\u015fqa dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b tamamil\u0259 aradan qald\u0131ra bilm\u0259mi\u015fdi. Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck, at\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259stlik, G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f\u0259, Aya, G\u00f6y\u0259, ulduzlara, torpa\u011fa, suya v\u0259 s. sitayi\u015f davam etm\u0259kd\u0259 idi. \u00d6lk\u0259nin \u015fimal\u0131nda \u2013 Albaniya \u0259razisinin b\u0259zi yerl\u0259rind\u0259, \u0259sas\u0259n da\u011fl\u0131q q\u0259rb b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, xristianl\u0131q yay\u0131lmaqda idi. Lakin m\u00fcst\u0259qil Alban kils\u0259si qon\u015fu erm\u0259ni v\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fc kils\u0259l\u0259rinin k\u0259skin r\u0259qab\u0259ti \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.
\nVII \u0259srd\u0259 islam dininin q\u0259bul olunmas\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n tarixi m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131nda \u0259sasl\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yarand\u0131.
\n\u0130slam dini vahid xalq\u0131n v\u0259 dilin t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259kan verdi, bu prosesin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 h\u0259lledici t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. T\u00fcrk v\u0259 qeyri\u2013t\u00fcrk etnoslar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dini birliyin yaranmas\u0131 onlar\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 vahid ad\u0259t\u2013\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fcn\u0259, qohumluq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259, qaynay\u0131b\u2013qar\u0131\u015fma prosesinin daha da d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. \u0130slam dini onu q\u0259bul etmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk v\u0259 qeyri\u2013t\u00fcrk etnoslar\u0131n\u0131 C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131 b\u00fct\u00f6v halda xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259sir dair\u0259sin\u0259 salma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Bizans imperiyas\u0131na v\u0259 onun himay\u0259 etdiyi erm\u0259ni v\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fc feodallar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 vahid t\u00fcrk\u2013islam bayra\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fdirdi.
\nIX \u0259srin ortalar\u0131ndan Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n q\u0259dim d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri yenid\u0259n dir\u00e7\u0259ldi. Az\u0259rbaycanda yeni siyasi dir\u00e7\u0259li\u015f ba\u015fland\u0131: islam dininin yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda Sacil\u0259r, \u015eirvan\u015fahlar, Salaril\u0259r, R\u0259vvadil\u0259r, \u015e\u0259ddadil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri yarand\u0131.
\nM\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 siyasi, iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u0259yat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oyan\u0131\u015f ba\u015f verm\u0259kd\u0259 idi. Az\u0259rbaycan tarixinin \u0130ntibah d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131.
\n600 il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259n Sasani v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b \u0259sar\u0259tind\u0259n sonra yerli d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin (Sacil\u0259r, \u015eirvan\u015fahlar, Salaril\u0259r, R\u0259vvadil\u0259r, \u015e\u0259ddadil\u0259r, \u015e\u0259ki hakimliyi) yaranmas\u0131, islam dininin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 \u0259sas t\u0259kallahl\u0131 din\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n etnik t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fcnd\u0259, vahid dilin v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131.
\n\u0130slam dini, eyni zamanda, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259n ayr\u0131\u2013ayr\u0131 feodal s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259rinin tez\u2013tez bir\u2013birini \u0259v\u0259z etdiyi bir tarixi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259halisinin \u2013 h\u0259m xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fcnd\u0259 ba\u015fl\u0131ca rol oynayan m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u00fcrk tayfalar\u0131n\u0131n, h\u0259m d\u0259 onlarla qaynay\u0131b\u2013qar\u0131\u015fmaqda olan qeyri\u2013t\u00fcrk etnoslar\u0131n\u0131n yadelli q\u0259sbkarlara qar\u015f\u0131 vahid q\u00fcvv\u0259 hal\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi rol oynad\u0131.
\n\u018fr\u0259b xilaf\u0259tinin t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra \u2013 IX \u0259srin ortalar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayaraq Qafqazda, habel\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn Yax\u0131n v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 t\u00fcrk\u2013islam imperiyalar\u0131n\u0131n rolu artd\u0131. Sacil\u0259r, \u015eirvan\u015fahlar, Salaril\u0259r, R\u0259vvadil\u0259r, \u015e\u0259ddadil\u0259r, \u015e\u0259ki hakiml\u0259ri, S\u0259lcuqlar, Eld\u0259nizl\u0259r, Monqollar, Elxanil\u0259r\u2013H\u00fclakular, \u00c7obanil\u0259r, C\u0259layirl\u0259r, Teymuril\u0259r, Osmanl\u0131lar, Qaraqoyunlular, A\u011fqoyunlular, S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r, \u018ff\u015farlar, Qacarlar v\u0259 ba\u015fqa t\u00fcrk\u2013islam s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259rinin idar\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n, h\u0259m\u00e7inin b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131n deyil, eyni zamanda, b\u00fct\u00fcn Yax\u0131n v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rqin d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik tarixind\u0259 d\u0259rin iz qoydular.
\nXV\u2013XVIII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 bundan sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti daha da z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdi. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqin geni\u015f \u0259razili Qaraqoyunlu, A\u011fqoyunlu, S\u0259f\u0259vi, \u018ff\u015far v\u0259 Qacar imperiyalar\u0131 bilavasit\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunurdu.
\nBu m\u00fch\u00fcm amil Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n daxili v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir, \u00f6lk\u0259mizin v\u0259 xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n h\u0259rbi\u2013siyasi t\u0259sir dair\u0259sini, Az\u0259rbaycan dilinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t meydan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirir, Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin daha da inki\u015faf etm\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259lveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131rd\u0131. B\u0259hs olunan d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri Yax\u0131n v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rqin beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259, h\u0259rbi\u2013siyasi h\u0259yat\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynamaqla yana\u015f\u0131, Avropa\u2013\u015e\u0259rq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7ox f\u0259al i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadimi Uzun H\u0259s\u0259nin (1468\u20131478) hakimiyy\u0259ti ill\u0259rind\u0259 A\u011fqoyunlu imperiyas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn Yax\u0131n v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 q\u00fcdr\u0259tli h\u0259rbi\u2013siyasi amil\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti daha da inki\u015faf etdi. Uzun H\u0259s\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259t yaratmaq siyas\u0259ti yeridirdi. O, bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 x\u00fcsusi “Qanunnam\u0259” haz\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. B\u00f6y\u00fck h\u00f6kmdar Qurani\u2013K\u0259rimi az\u0259rbaycancaya \u00e7evirtmi\u015f, d\u00f6vr\u00fcn g\u00f6rk\u0259mli elm adam\u0131 \u018fbu B\u0259kr \u0259l\u2013Tehraniy\u0259 “Kitabi\u2013Diyarb\u0259kriyy\u0259” adl\u0131 O\u011fuznam\u0259 yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
\nXV \u0259srin sonu \u2013 XVI \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliyi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn tarixi t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fcnd\u0259 yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259m qoydu. Uzun H\u0259s\u0259nin n\u0259v\u0259si g\u00f6rk\u0259mli d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadimi \u015eah \u0130smay\u0131l X\u0259tai (1501\u20131524) babas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131rd\u0131, \u015fimall\u0131-c\u0259nublu b\u00fct\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 bildi.
\nPaytaxt\u0131 T\u0259briz \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olan vahid, m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u2013 S\u0259f\u0259vi d\u00f6vl\u0259ti meydana g\u0259ldi. S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti daha da y\u00fcks\u0259ldi. Az\u0259rbaycan dili d\u00f6vl\u0259t dilin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. \u015eah \u0130smay\u0131l, \u015eah T\u0259hmasib, \u015eah Abbas v\u0259 dig\u0259r S\u0259f\u0259vi h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdikl\u0259ri u\u011furlu islahatlar, daxili v\u0259 xarici siyas\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vi d\u00f6vl\u0259ti Yax\u0131n v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rqin \u0259n q\u00fcdr\u0259tli imperiyalar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.
\nS\u0259f\u0259vi d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin s\u00fcqutundan sonra hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli Az\u0259rbaycan s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259si Nadir \u015fah \u018ff\u015far (1736\u20131747) ke\u00e7mi\u015f S\u0259f\u0259vi imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini daha da geni\u015fl\u0259ndirdi. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259f\u015far\u2013t\u00fcrk elind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f bu b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u00f6kmdar 1739\u2013cu ild\u0259 Dehli d\u0259 daxil olmaqla \u015eimali Hindistan\u0131 da \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi. Lakin Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n\u0131n bu geni\u015f \u0259razid\u0259 q\u00fcdr\u0259tli m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259t yaratmaq planlar\u0131 ba\u015f tutmad\u0131.
\nNadir \u015fah\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra onun idar\u0259 etdiyi geni\u015f \u0259razili imperiya s\u00fcquta u\u011frad\u0131. H\u0259l\u0259 Nadir \u015fah\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ik\u0259n azadl\u0131q m\u00fcbariz\u0259sin\u0259 qalxan v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qilliy\u0259 can atan Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda yerli d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r yarand\u0131. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, XVIII \u0259srin II yar\u0131s\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan x\u0131rda d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 \u2013 xanl\u0131qlara v\u0259 sultanl\u0131qlara par\u00e7aland\u0131.
\nXVIII \u0259srin sonunda Az\u0259rbaycan s\u00fclal\u0259si olan Qacarlar (1796\u20131925) \u0130randa hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259ldil\u0259r. Qacarlar vaxt\u0131 il\u0259 onlar\u0131n ulu babalar\u0131 qaraqoyunlular\u0131n, a\u011fqoyunlular\u0131n, s\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, Nadir \u015fah\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131nda olmu\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259razil\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 yenid\u0259n m\u0259rk\u0259zi hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 tabe etm\u0259k siyas\u0259ti yeritm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar.
\nBel\u0259likl\u0259, Qacarlarla C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Rusiya aras\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcr\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015fland\u0131.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan iki b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259t aras\u0131nda qanl\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r meydan\u0131na \u00e7evrildi.
\nG\u00fcl\u00fcstan (1813) v\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay (1828) m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan iki imperiya aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc: \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan Rusiyaya, C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan is\u0259 qacarlar\u0131n idar\u0259 etdiyi \u0130ran \u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131na qat\u0131ld\u0131.
\nBel\u0259likl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n bundan sonrak\u0131 tarixind\u0259 yeni siyasi\u2013co\u011frafi anlay\u0131\u015flar meydana g\u0259ldi: “\u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan” (v\u0259 ya “Rusiya Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131”) v\u0259 “C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan” (v\u0259 ya “\u0130ran Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131”).
\nRusiya C\u0259nubi Qafqazda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 dayaq yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015f\u011fal etdiyi Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131na, x\u00fcsus\u0259n Qaraba\u011f\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131q rayonlar\u0131na, ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u0130r\u0259van v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisin\u0259 qon\u015fu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259vi sur\u0259td\u0259 erm\u0259ni \u0259halisi k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrd\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 h\u0259ms\u0259rh\u0259d olan Q\u0259rbi Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda \u2013 ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u0130r\u0259van, Nax\u00e7\u0131van xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259 s\u00fcni sur\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 “Erm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti” yarad\u0131ld\u0131. Bununla, Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin \u0259sas\u0131 qoyuldu.
\nBundan \u0259lav\u0259, Rusiya 1836\u2013c\u0131 ild\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil Alban kils\u0259sini l\u0259\u011fv etdi v\u0259 onu erm\u0259ni Qriqorian kils\u0259sinin tabe\u00e7iliyin\u0259 verdi. Bununla da Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n q\u0259dim \u0259halisi olan xristian albanlar\u0131n qriqorianla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na v\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 daha \u0259lveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131ld\u0131. Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 yeni \u0259razi iddialar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131 qoyuldu. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlarla kifay\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259n \u00e7ar Rusiyas\u0131 daha \u00e7irkin siyas\u0259t\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259l atd\u0131: erm\u0259nil\u0259ri silahland\u0131raraq t\u00fcrk\u2013m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259hali \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 qald\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fctl\u0259vi q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259sin\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131. Bununla az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk\u2013m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259halisin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 soyq\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015fland\u0131.
\n\u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda azadl\u0131q m\u00fcbariz\u0259si misli g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f faci\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi. Burada hakimiyy\u0259ti \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259n S.\u015eaumyan\u0131n da\u015fnak\u2013bol\u015fevik h\u00f6kum\u0259ti 1918\u2013ci ilin mart\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdi. Qarda\u015f T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana k\u00f6m\u0259k \u0259lini yetirdi. Azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 qalib g\u0259ldi. 1918\u2013ci il may\u0131n 28\u2013d\u0259 \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 ilk demokratik respublika \u2013 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti yarad\u0131ld\u0131.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n tarixind\u0259 ilk Parlamentli respublika olan Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti, eyni zamanda, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n t\u00fcrk\u2013islam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ilk demokratik, h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi d\u00f6vl\u0259t n\u00fcmun\u0259si idi.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 parlament\u00e7ilik tariximiz iki d\u00f6vr\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131r: Birinci d\u00f6vr \u2013 1918\u2013ci il may\u0131n 27\u2013d\u0259n noyabr\u0131n 19\u2013d\u0259k davam etmi\u015fdir. Bu alt\u0131 ay \u0259rzind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131 ad\u0131 il\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n v\u0259 44 n\u0259f\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lman\u2013t\u00fcrk n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan ilk Az\u0259rbaycan Parlamenti \u00e7ox m\u00fch\u00fcm tarixi q\u0259rarlar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir. \u0130lk Parlamentimiz 1918\u2013ci il may\u0131n 28\u2013d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini elan etmi\u015f, \u00f6lk\u0259nin idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 tarixi \u0130stiqlal b\u0259yannam\u0259sini q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin parlament\u00e7ilik tarixind\u0259 \u0130kinci d\u00f6vr v\u0259 ya Bak\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fc 1918\u2013ci il dekabr\u0131n 7\u2013d\u0259n 1920\u2013ci il aprelin 27\u2013d\u0259k \u2013 c\u0259mi 17 ay davam etmi\u015fdir.
\nParlamentin 1919\u2013cu il sentyabr\u0131n 1\u2013d\u0259 Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin t\u0259sis olunmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda q\u0259bul etdiyi qanunu x\u00fcsusi qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. Milli universitetin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t xadiml\u0259rinin do\u011fma xalq qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ox m\u00fch\u00fcm tarixi xidm\u0259ti idi. Sonralar Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti s\u00fcqut ets\u0259 d\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131nda v\u0259 xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yenid\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliy\u0259 qovu\u015fmas\u0131nda Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti misilsiz rol oynad\u0131.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 155 parlament iclas\u0131 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir ki, bunun da 10\u2013u Az\u0259rbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n (27 may\u201319 noyabr 1918\u2013ci il), 145\u2013i is\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Parlamentinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi d\u00f6vrd\u0259 (7 dekabr 1918\u2013ci il \u2013 27 aprel 1920\u2013ci il) olmu\u015fdur.
\nParlamentin m\u00fczakir\u0259sin\u0259 270\u2013d\u0259n \u00e7ox qanun layih\u0259si \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, onlardan 230\u2013a yax\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul olunmu\u015fdu. Qanunlar q\u0131z\u011f\u0131n v\u0259 i\u015fg\u00fczar fikir m\u00fcbadil\u0259si \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilir, \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 yaln\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc oxunu\u015fdan sonra q\u0259bul olunurdu.
\nC\u0259mi 23 ay ya\u015famas\u0131na baxmayaraq Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti s\u00fcbut etdi ki, \u0259n q\u0259ddar m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 v\u0259 repressiya rejiml\u0259ri bel\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n azadl\u0131q ideallar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini m\u0259hv etm\u0259y\u0259 qadir deyildir.
\nSovet Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259rbi t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fc n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti s\u00fcqut etdi. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u00fcst\u0259qil Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliyin\u0259 son qoyuldu. 1920\u2013ci il aprelin 28\u2013d\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t \u0259razisind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n (Az\u0259rbaycan SSR) yarad\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 elan olundu.
\nSovet i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan d\u0259rhal sonra \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi sisteminin da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131.
\n\u00d6lk\u0259nin h\u0259r yerind\u0259 “q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 terror” t\u00fc\u011fyan edirdi. Bol\u015fevik rejiminin m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k h\u0259r k\u0259s “xalq d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni”, “\u0259ksinqilab\u00e7\u0131” v\u0259 ya “t\u0259xribat\u00e7\u0131” ad\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259rhal “q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 terror”un qurban\u0131 olurdu.
\nBel\u0259likl\u0259, 1918\u2013ci ilin Mart soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra, faktiki olaraq, Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 yeni soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. F\u0259rq onda idi ki, bu d\u0259f\u0259 mill\u0259tin say\u2013se\u00e7m\u0259 adamlar\u0131 \u2013 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin g\u00f6rk\u0259mli d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadiml\u0259ri, generallar, Milli Ordunun y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctb\u0259li zabitl\u0259ri, qabaqc\u0131l ziyal\u0131lar, din xadiml\u0259ri, partiya r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259ri, siyasi xadiml\u0259r, m\u0259\u015fhur aliml\u0259r m\u0259hv edilirdi. Bol\u015fevik\u2013da\u015fnak g\u00fcruhu bu d\u0259f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f sur\u0259td\u0259 xalq\u0131n ancaq qayma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hv edir, onu ba\u015fs\u0131z qoyma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bu, \u0259slind\u0259 1918\u2013ci ilin Mart soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan daha amans\u0131z, daha d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 idi.
\n1921\u2013ci il may\u0131n 6\u2013da Az\u0259rbaycan SSR\u2013in birinci sovetl\u0259r qurultay\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n sovetl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. May\u0131n 19\u2013da Az\u0259rbaycan SSR-in birinci Konstitusiyas\u0131 q\u0259bul olundu.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcst\u0259qil hakimiyy\u0259tind\u0259n m\u0259hrum edildikd\u0259n sonra onun s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rinin talan olunmas\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. Torpaq \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t l\u0259\u011fv olundu. \u00d6lk\u0259nin b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259bii s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259ri millil\u0259\u015fdirildi, daha do\u011frusu, d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fclkiyy\u0259ti hesab olundu. Neft s\u0259nayesini idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi olaraq Az\u0259rbaycan Neft Komit\u0259si yarad\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 bu komit\u0259y\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rlik V.\u0130.Lenin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Bak\u0131ya g\u00f6nd\u0259rilmi\u015f A.P.Serebrovskiy\u0259 tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, h\u0259l\u0259 1920\u2013ci il mart\u0131n 17\u2013d\u0259 Qafqaz C\u0259bh\u0259sinin H\u0259rbi\u2013\u0130nqilab \u015euras\u0131na g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi teleqramda “Bak\u0131n\u0131 almaq biz\u0259 olduqca v\u0259 olduqca z\u0259ruridir” dey\u0259 \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131na g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015f vermi\u015f V.\u0130.Lenin \u00f6z arzusuna \u00e7atd\u0131. Bak\u0131 nefti Sovet Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7di.
\n30\u2013cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 repressiya apar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. T\u0259kc\u0259 1937\u2013ci ild\u0259 29 min adam repressiyaya u\u011frad\u0131. Ham\u0131s\u0131 da \u0259n layiqli V\u0259t\u0259n \u00f6vladlar\u0131. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn H\u00fcseyn Cavid, Mikay\u0131l M\u00fc\u015ffiq, \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad, Salman M\u00fcmtaz, \u018fli N\u0259zmi, Ta\u011f\u0131 \u015eahbazi v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 kimi onlarla m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirl\u0259rini, nadir ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 itirdi. Xalq\u0131n z\u0259ka potensial\u0131, onun \u0259n qeyr\u0259tli \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri m\u0259hv edildi. Bu d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli z\u0259rb\u0259d\u0259n sonra Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 on ill\u0259rl\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bilm\u0259di.
\n1948\u20131953\u2013c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6z ulu V\u0259t\u0259nl\u0259ri olan Q\u0259rbi Az\u0259rbaycandan (Erm\u0259nistan SSR adlanan \u0259razid\u0259n) k\u00fctl\u0259vi sur\u0259td\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olunmas\u0131n\u0131n yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si ba\u015fland\u0131. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r Q\u0259rbi Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda daha da m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n bu \u0259razid\u0259 sayca \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc t\u0259min olundu.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n qurub\u2013yaratmaq d\u00fchas\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 olunmu\u015f m\u00fch\u00fcm u\u011furlara baxmayaraq, bir s\u0131ra obyektiv v\u0259 subyektiv s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n 60\u2013c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7ox sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u2013 h\u0259m s\u0259nayed\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda m\u0259nfi meyll\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nRespublikan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fc bu a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan r\u0259hb\u0259rliyind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm d\u0259yi\u015fiklik ba\u015f verdi. 1969\u2013cu ild\u0259 Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin Az\u0259rbaycana r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin Birinci d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015fland\u0131. Do\u011fma xalq\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcbke\u015fi olan Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev totalitar rejimin h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q etdiyi m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b tarixi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n qabaqc\u0131l respublikalar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 geni\u015f islahatlar proqram\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nB\u00f6y\u00fck siyas\u0259t\u00e7i iqtisadiyyat (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131) v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z V\u0259t\u0259ninin, xalq\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri olan \u0259n vacib m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131 Kommunist Partiyas\u0131 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Komit\u0259sinin Siyasi B\u00fcrosu, M\u0259rk\u0259zi Komit\u0259nin plenumlar\u0131, Kommunist partiyas\u0131n\u0131n qurultaylar\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259lveri\u015fli q\u0259rarlar q\u0259bul edilm\u0259sin\u0259 nail olur, sonra da b\u00fct\u00fcn xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 h\u0259min q\u0259rarlar\u0131n icras\u0131na s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259r edir, do\u011fma Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisi u\u011frunda yorulmadan, gec\u0259li\u2013g\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc\u2013\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259min ed\u0259 bil\u0259n, m\u00fcst\u0259qil ya\u015fama\u011fa qadir olan v\u0259 elmi\u2013texniki c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259r\u0259qqi etmi\u015f bir \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 (o vaxtk\u0131 terminologiya il\u0259 des\u0259k, inzibati\u2013iqtisadi vahid\u0259) \u00e7evirm\u0259k onun planlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda g\u0259lirdi. Bir s\u00f6zl\u0259, V\u0259t\u0259nimizin m\u00fcst\u0259qilliy\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n yolunu h\u0259l\u0259 o zaman Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
\n1970\u20131985\u2013ci ill\u0259rd\u0259, tarix\u0259n q\u0131sa bir d\u00f6vr \u0259rzind\u0259, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 respublika \u0259razisind\u0259 y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 zavod, fabrik, istehsalat sah\u0259l\u0259ri yarad\u0131ld\u0131. 213 iri s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131nd\u0131. Bir \u00e7ox m\u00fch\u00fcm istehsal sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131nda apar\u0131c\u0131 yerl\u0259rd\u0259n birini tuturdu. Az\u0259rbaycanda istehsal olunan 350 adda m\u0259hsul d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 65 \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 ixrac olunurdu.
\nHeyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin Az\u0259rbaycana birinci r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u0259z\u0259m\u0259tli quruculuq i\u015fl\u0259rinin \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck tarixi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti bundan ibar\u0259t idi ki, xalq\u0131m\u0131zda milli q\u00fcrur, milli m\u0259nlik \u015f\u00fcuru oyand\u0131, azadl\u0131q, m\u00fcst\u0259qillik duy\u011fular\u0131 ba\u015f qald\u0131rd\u0131. Bu, \u0259slind\u0259 XX y\u00fczilliyin 70\u2013ci ill\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n milli azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259\u2013y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015f m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olmas\u0131 dem\u0259k idi.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik tarixinin sonuncu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si SSR\u0130\u2013nin s\u00fcqutu \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 1991\u2013ci il oktyabr\u0131n 18\u2013d\u0259 “Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi haqq\u0131nda” Konstitusiya Akt\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 u\u011furla davam edir.
\nTarix boyu Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl d\u00f6vrl\u0259ri ke\u00e7irmi\u015f, daxili par\u00e7alanmalara, xarici i\u015f\u011fallara m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 qon\u015fularla s\u00fclhsev\u0259r, dinc m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r saxlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin s\u00fclhsev\u0259r qon\u015fular, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f erm\u0259nil\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131na daim g\u00f6z dikmi\u015f, f\u00fcrs\u0259t d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fckc\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u0259razil\u0259ri i\u015f\u011fal etmi\u015fl\u0259r.
\n1988\u2013ci ild\u0259 Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f Muxtar Vilay\u0259tinin separat\u00e7\u0131\u2013terror\u00e7u qrupla\u015fmalar\u0131 v\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f\u0131n \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si u\u011frunda h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara ba\u015flad\u0131lar. SSR\u0130 Silahl\u0131 Q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rinin Erm\u0259nistan v\u0259 Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f Muxtar Vilay\u0259tind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n hiss\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 onlara qo\u015fuldular. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f\u0131n az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259rinin i\u015f\u011fal\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. 1992\u2013ci il yanvar\u0131n 15\u2013d\u0259 K\u0259rkicahan, fevral\u0131n 10\u2013da Mal\u0131b\u0259yli, Qu\u015f\u00e7ular k\u0259ndl\u0259ri i\u015f\u011fal olundu, dinc v\u0259 silahs\u0131z \u0259haliy\u0259 divan tutuldu, Xocal\u0131 v\u0259 \u015eu\u015fan\u0131n m\u00fchasir\u0259 m\u0259ng\u0259n\u0259si darald\u0131. Erm\u0259ni v\u0259 sovet h\u0259rbi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri fevral\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Qarada\u011fl\u0131 k\u0259ndini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. 1992\u2013ci il fevral\u0131n 25\u2013d\u0259n 26\u2013na ke\u00e7\u0259n gec\u0259 m\u00fcasir tarixin \u0259n faci\u0259li hadis\u0259si ba\u015f verdi. Erm\u0259ni h\u0259rbi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri Xocal\u0131da Rusiyan\u0131n 366\u2013c\u0131 motoat\u0131c\u0131 polkunun \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259tdi. Xalq h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndiyi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 1992\u2013ci ilin mart\u0131nda respublikaya r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259n A.M\u00fct\u0259llibov istefa verdi. Yaranm\u0131\u015f hakimiyy\u0259t bo\u015flu\u011fu Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tini daha da z\u0259ifl\u0259tdi. Bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 1992\u2013ci ilin may\u0131nda erm\u0259ni v\u0259 sovet h\u0259rbi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri \u015eu\u015fan\u0131 da \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. Bununla da faktiki olaraq erm\u0259nil\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f\u0131n \u0259razisini i\u015f\u011fal etdil\u0259r. N\u00f6vb\u0259ti add\u0131m Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f\u0131 Erm\u0259nistanla birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n La\u00e7\u0131n rayonunun i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 oldu. Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq c\u0259bh\u0259sinin hakimiyy\u0259ti (1992 may\u20131993 iyun) d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 davam ed\u0259n yeni hakimiyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri respublikan\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259sin\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259rb\u0259 vurdu. 1993\u2013c\u00fc ilin aprelind\u0259 K\u0259lb\u0259c\u0259r i\u015f\u011fal olundu. \u0130yun ay\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycanda d\u0259rin siyasi b\u00f6hran ba\u015f verdi. Xalq\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bi il\u0259 Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259ldi.
\nHeyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n qurtulu\u015funda h\u0259lledici d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ba\u015f verdi. M\u00fcdrik d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadimi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 siyasi gedi\u015fd\u0259n sonra v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259si t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sini aradan qald\u0131rd\u0131.
\n\u00dcmummilli lider Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev m\u00fcharib\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fczg\u00fcn m\u00f6vqe tutdu. M\u00fcdrik bir strateq kimi real v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259 hesabla\u015fd\u0131. M\u0259krli d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rimizin v\u0259 onlar\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq havadarlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, planlar\u0131n\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fc qanl\u0131 burul\u011fan\u0131n n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li oldu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 ald\u0131. V\u0259ziyy\u0259ti d\u00fczg\u00fcn qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi. Real v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k at\u0259\u015fk\u0259s rejimin\u0259 nail oldu.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmummilli lideri Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev xalq\u0131, yurdu milli\u2013m\u0259n\u0259vi par\u00e7alanmadan, iflasa u\u011framaqdan xilas etdi. \u00d6z\u00fcnd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki “r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rin” tarixi ke\u00e7mi\u015fin ibr\u0259t d\u0259rsl\u0259rin\u0259, d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n real h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259, daxili h\u0259yat\u0131n v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin ger\u00e7\u0259klikl\u0259rin\u0259 deyil, emosiyalara \u0259saslanaraq q\u0259bul etdikl\u0259ri s\u0259hv q\u0259rarlar\u0131n icras\u0131n\u0131 dayand\u0131rd\u0131. Torpa\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, dilimizin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki \u0259z\u0259li v\u0259 \u0259b\u0259di “Az\u0259rbaycan” m\u00f6h\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 qaytar\u0131ld\u0131. Bununla V\u0259t\u0259n\u00e7ilik, xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ad\u0131 v\u0259 dili, q\u00fcdr\u0259timizin v\u0259 vahidliyimizin \u0259sas\u0131 olan islam\u2013t\u00fcrk birliyi b\u0259rpa olundu, realla\u015fmaqda olan etnik toqqu\u015fmalar ehtimal\u0131 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. D\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rimizin oxu bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 da\u015fa d\u0259ydi.
\nBu g\u00fcn m\u00fcst\u0259qil Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq al\u0259md\u0259 n\u00fcfuzu v\u0259 \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259ti durmadan artmaqdad\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada demokratik, h\u00fcquqi, d\u00fcny\u0259vi d\u00f6vl\u0259t n\u00fcfuzu qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev z\u0259kas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hsulu olan t\u0259m\u0259l qanunumuz d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n demokratik, \u0259n m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l konstitusiyalar\u0131ndan biridir v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq al\u0259md\u0259 V\u0259t\u0259nimiz\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck r\u0259\u011fb\u0259t qazand\u0131r\u0131r. Yurdumuzda h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q ed\u0259n sabitlik, h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n daxili islahatlar xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rimizin geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fcn xarici siyas\u0259tini b\u0259rab\u0259rlik v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 m\u0259nafe prinsipl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda quran Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131q \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u011fal olunmu\u015f torpaqlar v\u0259 i\u015f\u011fal tarixi<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f (1988-1993)
\nXank\u0259ndi (18.09.1988)
\n\u018fsk\u0259ran (19.10.1991)
\nHadrut (19.11.1991)
\nXocal\u0131 (26.02.1992)
\n\u015eu\u015fa (08.05.1992)
\nLa\u00e7\u0131n (17.05.1992)
\nXocav\u0259nd (02.10.1992)
\nK\u0259lb\u0259c\u0259r (3-4.04.1993)
\nA\u011fd\u0259r\u0259 (07.07.1993)
\nA\u011fdam (23.07.1993)
\nC\u0259bray\u0131l (23.08.1993)
\nF\u00fczuli (23.08.1993)
\nQubadl\u0131 (31.08.1993)
\nZ\u0259ngilan (30.10.1993)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

AZ\u018fRBAYCAN RESPUBL\u0130KASININ CO\u011eRAF\u0130YASI<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n tarixi \u0259razisi \u015e\u0259rqi Zaqafqaziya v\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n \u015fimal\u2013q\u0259rb hiss\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir. Sah\u0259si 221,6 min km2, \u0259halisinin say\u0131 is\u0259 30 mln. n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n art\u0131qd\u0131r. Haz\u0131rda bu tarixi \u0259razinin bir hiss\u0259sini tutan Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n sah\u0259si 86,6 min km\u00b2, \u0259halisi 9,4425 mln. n\u0259f\u0259rdir (01.10.2013\u2013c\u00fc il), C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259razisi 135 min km\u00b2, \u0259halisi 25 mln. n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rdir.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisi d\u00fcz\u0259nlik v\u0259 da\u011fl\u0131q relyef\u0259 malik olub, m\u00fctl\u0259q y\u00fcks\u0259kliyi 28 m\u2013d\u0259n (X\u0259z\u0259rsahili d\u00fcz\u0259nlik) 4821 m\u2013\u0259 (Bazard\u00fcz\u00fc) q\u0259d\u0259rdir. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n oval\u0131q v\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259nlik relyefi G\u0259nc\u0259, Qazax, Qaraba\u011f, Mil, Mu\u011fan, \u015eirvan, Salyan, L\u0259nk\u0259ran, Samur\u2013D\u0259v\u0259\u00e7i, Arazyan\u0131 v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rurdan ibar\u0259tdir. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisi be\u015f co\u011frafi vilay\u0259t\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr: onlardan d\u00f6rd\u00fc (B\u00f6y\u00fck Qafqaz, Ki\u00e7ik Qafqaz, Nax\u00e7\u0131van MR, L\u0259nk\u0259ran) da\u011fl\u0131q, biri is\u0259 (K\u00fcr\u2013Araz v\u0259 ya M\u0259rk\u0259zi Aran) oval\u0131qd\u0131r. B\u00f6y\u00fck Qafqaz\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan hiss\u0259si h\u00fcdudunda iki \u0259sas da\u011f silsil\u0259si\u2013Ba\u015f Qafqaz (Bazard\u00fcz\u00fc da\u011f\u0131 \u2013 4466 m) v\u0259 Yan silsil\u0259 (\u015eahda\u011f \u2013 4243 m) uzan\u0131r. Da\u011fl\u0131q \u015eirvan, Qobustan v\u0259 Ab\u015feron yar\u0131madas\u0131 C\u0259nub\u2013\u015f\u0259rqi Qafqazda yerl\u0259\u015fir. Ba\u015f Qafqaz da\u011f silsil\u0259sinin c\u0259nub yamac\u0131 \u0259t\u0259yi boyunca Qan\u0131x\u2013\u018fyri\u00e7ay da\u011faras\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u0259kliyi, ondan c\u0259nuba is\u0259 geni\u015f Ceyran\u00e7\u00f6l v\u0259 Ac\u0131nohur \u00f6nda\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzan\u0131r. Ba\u015f Qafqaz silsil\u0259si Bazard\u00fcz\u00fc da\u011f\u0131ndan \u015f\u0259rq\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisi daxilind\u0259 \u015fimal\u2013q\u0259rbd\u0259n (Tinovroso da\u011f\u0131) c\u0259nub\u2013\u015f\u0259rq\u0259 do\u011fru uzanmaqla 4000 metrd\u0259n 1026 metr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r (K\u0259m\u00e7i da\u011f\u0131) al\u00e7al\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan xalqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tarix\u0259n gedi\u015f\u2013g\u0259li\u015f, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n d\u0259 ticar\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri Ba\u015f Qafqaz silsil\u0259sinin Tinovroso (2800 m), Ma\u00e7xalroso (2900 m), Malarasa (2865 m), Qudurda\u011f (2500 m), Dindida\u011f (2992 m), Attaqay (2657 m), A\u011fbulaq (3200 m), Q\u0259rbi Salavat (2832 m), Nohurlar (3250 m), Qd\u0131m (2906 m), Fiy (3104 m) v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqa a\u015f\u0131r\u0131mlar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ki\u00e7ik Qafqaz\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan hiss\u0259sind\u0259 \u015eahda\u011f (Qara\u2013arxac \u2013 2901 m, Hinalda\u011f \u2013 3367 m), Murovda\u011f (Gam\u0131\u015fda\u011f \u2013 3724 m), Qaraba\u011f (B\u00f6y\u00fck Kirs \u2013 2725 m) s\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131 v\u0259 Qaraba\u011f vulkanik yaylas\u0131 (B\u00f6y\u00fck \u0130\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 \u2013 3552 m, D\u0259lida\u011f \u2013 3616 m) relyefd\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Nax\u00e7\u0131van MR \u0259razisind\u0259 D\u0259r\u0259l\u0259y\u0259z (K\u00fck\u00fcda\u011f \u2013 3120 m) v\u0259 Z\u0259ng\u0259zur s\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131 (Qap\u0131c\u0131q da\u011f\u0131 \u2013 3904 m) uzan\u0131r. H\u0259r iki s\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131n qovu\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda Bi\u00e7\u0259n\u0259k a\u015f\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 (2346 m) yerl\u0259\u015fir. L\u0259nk\u0259ran oval\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u0259nub\u2013q\u0259rbd\u0259 Tal\u0131\u015f s\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131 il\u0259 (G\u00f6m\u00fcrg\u00f6y \u2013 2493 m) s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259nir. Bu da\u011flar\u0131n \u00f6n hiss\u0259si boyu Burovar silsil\u0259si (914 m), m\u0259rk\u0259z hiss\u0259si boyu is\u0259 Pe\u015ft\u0259s\u0259r (2200 m) s\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131 uzan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bii s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 da\u011fl\u0131q relyef \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r, u\u00e7qunlar, sell\u0259r v\u0259 vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015f ver\u0259n z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rini da\u011f\u0131d\u0131r, t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfata ciddi ziyan vurur v\u0259 insan t\u0259l\u0259fat\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisi mezo\u2013kaynozoyun \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259, vulkanogen v\u0259 intruziv s\u00fcxurlar\u0131ndan yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisi Alp q\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131ql\u0131q zonas\u0131na aid olub, tektonik c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n olduqca f\u0259ald\u0131r. Bu, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 (9 bal) b\u00fcruz\u0259 verir. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisi yeralt\u0131 faydal\u0131 qaz\u0131nt\u0131larla z\u0259ngindir. Bu torpaq \u0259n q\u0259dim zamanlardan \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn faydal\u0131 qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 il\u0259, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, nefti v\u0259 qaz\u0131 il\u0259 \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. D\u0259mir, maqnezium, titan (maqnetitli qumda\u015f\u0131), xrom, mis, polimetallar, kobalt, m\u0259rgm\u00fc\u015f, molibden, \u0130slandiya \u015fpat\u0131, da\u011f b\u00fclluru, kvars, k\u00fck\u00fcrd kol\u00e7edan\u0131, k\u00fck\u00fcrd, barit, alunit, andaluzit, bitum, da\u015f duz v\u0259 s. kimi filiz v\u0259 qeyri\u2013filiz faydal\u0131 qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar bu torpa\u011f\u0131n s\u0259rv\u0259tidir. Tikinti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yararl\u0131, odadavaml\u0131, abraziv v\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259bii s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131b. Az\u0259rbaycanda olan mineral bulaqlar \u00f6z kimy\u0259vi t\u0259rkibin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 on bir tip\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Buraya hidrokarbonatl\u0131, hidrokarbonatl\u0131\u2013xloridli, hidrokarbonatl\u0131\u2013xloridli\u2013sulfatl\u0131, hidrokarbonatl\u0131\u2013sulfatl\u0131, xloridli, sulfatl\u0131\u2013xloridli v\u0259 ba\u015fqa kimy\u0259vi t\u0259rkibli mineral bulaqlar daxildir.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n iqlimi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n co\u011frafi yeri, onun da\u011fl\u0131q v\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259nlik relyefinin atmosfer prosesl\u0259ril\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259siri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 iqlim tipl\u0259ri yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n iqlimi K\u00fcr\u2013Araz oval\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259z v\u0259 \u015f\u0259rq hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, Qobustanda, Ab\u015feron yar\u0131madas\u0131nda v\u0259 Samur\u2013D\u0259v\u0259\u00e7i oval\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yay\u0131 quraq ke\u00e7\u0259n m\u00fclayim\u2013isti yar\u0131ms\u0259hra v\u0259 quru\u00e7\u00f6l (bozq\u0131r v\u0259 ya step) iqlimin\u0259 malikdir. Eyni iqlim tipi Tal\u0131\u015f silsil\u0259sinin \u015fimal yamac\u0131 boyu da m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Q\u0131\u015f\u0131 quraq ke\u00e7\u0259n m\u00fclayim iqlim yar\u0131ms\u0259hra v\u0259 quru \u00e7\u00f6l iqlimi K\u00fcr\u2013Araz oval\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fda\u015f\u2013Qarqar\u00e7ay\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ax\u0131n\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259n q\u0259rb\u0259 uzanan Qaraba\u011f d\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn bir qismini, G\u0259nc\u0259\u2013Qazax d\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc, Boz da\u011f\u0131, Ceyran\u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc v\u0259 Ac\u0131nohur \u00f6nda\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n c\u0259nub\u2013q\u0259rbd\u0259ki ucqar hiss\u0259sini \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Yuxar\u0131da adlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n h\u0259r iki iqlim daxilind\u0259 qarl\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u0259rin say\u0131 20 g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r oldu\u011fundan v\u0259 h\u0259min m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 qar\u0131n qal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 10 santimetrd\u0259n art\u0131q olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu \u0259razil\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011fa malik olan q\u0131\u015f otlaqlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u0259razid\u0259 iyulun orta ayl\u0131q temperaturu 27\u00b0C\u2013d\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k oldu\u011fundan pamb\u0131q\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q, ba\u011f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q, \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck, tax\u0131l\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q geni\u015f yer tutur. Ki\u00e7ik Qafqaz\u0131n da\u011f\u0259t\u0259yi v\u0259 qism\u0259n orta da\u011fl\u0131q hiss\u0259sind\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Ac\u0131nohur \u00f6nda\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda v\u0259 Qan\u0131x\u2013\u018fyri\u00e7ay \u00e7\u00f6k\u0259kliyi daxilind\u0259 q\u0131\u015f\u0131 quraq ke\u00e7\u0259n m\u00fclayim isti iqlim m\u00f6vcuddur. Ki\u00e7ik Qafqaz\u0131n v\u0259 el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 c\u0259nub\u2013\u015f\u0259rqi Qafqaz\u0131n \u015fimal yamac\u0131n\u0131n orta da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razisind\u0259 q\u0131\u015f\u0131 quraq ke\u00e7\u0259n soyuq iqlim h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u00fcr. B\u00f6y\u00fck Qafqaz\u0131n c\u0259nub yamac\u0131n\u0131n al\u00e7aq hiss\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u0259rab\u0259r paylanm\u0131\u015f m\u00fclayim-isti, orta da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 q\u0131\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctub\u0259tli ke\u00e7\u0259n soyuq iqlim m\u00f6vcuddur. Tal\u0131\u015f da\u011flar\u0131nda v\u0259 L\u0259nk\u0259ran oval\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0259sas\u0259n yay\u0131 quraq ke\u00e7\u0259n m\u00fclayim\u2013isti iqlim vard\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycanda r\u00fctub\u0259tli subtropik bitkil\u0259r (\u00e7ay, limon, porta\u011fal, feyxoa v\u0259 s.) bu iqlim tipinin \u0259hat\u0259 etdiyi L\u0259nk\u0259ran oval\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ona qovu\u015fan al\u00e7aq da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razinin \u015f\u0259rq yamac\u0131nda geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Tal\u0131\u015f da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n al\u00e7aq da\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 orta da\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n qovu\u015fdu\u011fu dar bir zolaqda ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u0259rab\u0259r paylanm\u0131\u015f m\u00fclayim\u2013isti iqlim yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Nax\u00e7\u0131van MR\u2013in v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n da\u011faras\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u0259klikl\u0259rind\u0259 yay\u0131 quraq ke\u00e7\u0259n soyuq yar\u0131ms\u0259hra v\u0259 quru\u00e7\u00f6l iqlimi hakimdir. Kontinental iqlim\u0259 malik olan bu iqlim tipi daxilind\u0259 illik m\u00fctl\u0259q minimum temperatur \u201332\u00b0C, illik m\u00fctl\u0259q maksimum temperatur is\u0259 + 43oC olur. H\u0259r iki \u0259razinin orta v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131q hiss\u0259sind\u0259 yay\u0131 quraq ke\u00e7\u0259n soyuq iqlim tipi m\u00f6vcuddur. Bu iqlim \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 ist\u0259r Nax\u00e7\u0131van MR, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 me\u015f\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc \u00e7ox m\u0259hdud yaranm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n yox d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sind\u0259dir. Da\u011f yamaclar\u0131n\u0131n me\u015f\u0259d\u0259n m\u0259hrum olmas\u0131 ariddenudasiya prosesl\u0259rinin g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259, eroziyan\u0131n intensiv getm\u0259sin\u0259, sell\u0259rin tez\u2013tez ba\u015f verm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu iqlim tipin\u0259 daxil olan \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 yay otlaqlar\u0131 az m\u0259hsuldard\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fctl\u0259q y\u00fcks\u0259kliyi 2600\u20132800 metrd\u0259n art\u0131q olan y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn soyuq v\u0259 tundra tipli iqlim xasd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 iqlimi olan \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 qism\u0259n daimi buzlaqlar v\u0259 yayda \u0259rim\u0259y\u0259n qar talalar\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259n iri \u00e7aylar\u0131 K\u00fcr v\u0259 Arazd\u0131r. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan \u00e7aylar\u0131 da\u011f \u00e7aylar\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar \u0259sas\u0259n ilin soyuq yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7oxsulu, isti yar\u0131s\u0131 is\u0259 azsulu olur. Bu da qism\u0259n quraq iqlim\u0259 malik olan da\u011faras\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u0259klikl\u0259rd\u0259, da\u011f \u0259t\u0259kl\u0259rind\u0259, d\u00fcz\u0259nlik v\u0259 oval\u0131qlarda suvarma \u0259kin\u00e7iliyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ciddi mane\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 tarix\u0259n \u0259n intensiv \u0259kin\u00e7ilik v\u0259 ba\u011f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q \u00e7ay d\u0259r\u0259l\u0259ri, \u00e7ay yataqlar\u0131 boyu v\u0259 \u00e7aylar\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259n d\u00fcz\u0259nliy\u0259 qovu\u015fdu\u011fu zolaqlarda yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n atmosferi, \u00e7ay v\u0259 g\u00f6ll\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Atmosfer ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n miqdar\u0131n\u0131n paylanma d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sind\u0259n v\u0259 s\u0259th\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n h\u0259cmind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq Az\u0259rbaycanda ax\u0131m\u0131n paylanmas\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lifdir. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n orta v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131q hiss\u0259l\u0259ri ax\u0131n zonas\u0131na (35 l\/san\/kv.km) aiddir. C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n eyni y\u00fcks\u0259kliyi olan da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisi is\u0259 orta ax\u0131n zonas\u0131na (25\u20135 l\/san.\/kv.km) daxildir. Al\u00e7aq da\u011fl\u0131q, d\u00fcz\u0259nlik v\u0259 da\u011flararas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u0259klikl\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 z\u0259if ax\u0131m (5\u20131 l\/san.\/kv.km) b\u0259z\u0259n ondan da az \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Atmosfer ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u0259razi \u00fczr\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r paylanmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Astara rayonunda illik ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n miqdar\u0131 1800 mm\u2013d\u0259n art\u0131qd\u0131rsa, Qobustan\u0131n c\u0259nub\u2013\u015f\u0259rq hiss\u0259sind\u0259 illik ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n miqdar\u0131 150 mm\u2013dir. M\u00fclayim iqlim qur\u015fa\u011f\u0131n orta illik ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n miqdar\u0131 200 mm\u2013d\u0259n az olan \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 tipik s\u0259hra, 200\u2013400 mm olan \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 tipik yar\u0131ms\u0259hra, 400\u2013-500 mm olan \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 r\u00fctub\u0259tli da\u011f \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259ri v\u0259 al\u00e7aq da\u011fl\u0131q arid me\u015f\u0259l\u0259ri inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir. \u0130llik ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n 600\u20131400 mm\u2013\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 me\u015f\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc vard\u0131r. Y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131q \u00e7\u0259m\u0259nlikl\u0259rind\u0259 orta illik ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n miqdar\u0131 600 mm\u2013d\u0259n 900 mm\u2013\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rdir. \u018flveri\u015fli relyef \u015f\u0259raiti olan da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u011fan \u015f\u0131d\u0131r\u011f\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f g\u00fccl\u00fc sell\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 ilin isti yar\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n dolu, \u0259s\u0259n isti\u2013quru k\u00fcl\u0259kl\u0259r (qara yel ve a\u011f yel), quraql\u0131q t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfata b\u00f6y\u00fck ziyan vurur. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n iri \u00e7aylar\u0131 K\u00fcr, Araz, Samur, T\u0259rt\u0259r, Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u00e7ay v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131d\u0131r. C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycanda Qarasu, Hac\u0131lar, S\u0259rd\u0259rirud, Qazan\u00e7ay (A\u011f\u00e7ay), Z\u0259rrin\u0259rud, Zula\u00e7ay, Nazl\u0131\u00e7ay v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u00e7aylar vard\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u00e7aylar\u0131 ilin soyuq aylar\u0131nda \u0259sas\u0259n ya\u011f\u0131\u015f v\u0259 qrunt sular\u0131, ilin isti vaxtlar\u0131nda is\u0259 qrunt, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f v\u0259 qar sular\u0131 il\u0259 qidalan\u0131r. Urmiya g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn sah\u0259si 5900 kvadrat kilometr, onun sutoplay\u0131c\u0131 h\u00f6vz\u0259sinin \u00fcmumi sah\u0259si is\u0259 50 min kvadrat kilometrdir. G\u00f6l\u00fcn s\u0259viyy\u0259si 125 m m\u00fctl\u0259q y\u00fcks\u0259klikd\u0259dir. Onun uzunlu\u011fu 140 km, maksimal eni 40 kilometrdir. G\u00f6l\u00fcn d\u0259rinliyi \u015fimal hiss\u0259d\u0259 6 m\u2013\u0259, c\u0259nubda is\u0259 15 m\u2013\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131r. Pay\u0131z v\u0259 yaz f\u0259sill\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ya\u011fmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq onun s\u0259viyy\u0259si qalx\u0131r, yayda is\u0259 \u0259ksin\u0259, su s\u0259thind\u0259n intensiv buxarlanman\u0131n getm\u0259si say\u0259sind\u0259 k\u0259skin enir. H\u00f6vz\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k mineralla\u015fmaya malikdir. Lakin g\u00f6ld\u0259 x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng\u0259b\u0259nz\u0259r canl\u0131lar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n torpaqlar\u0131 v\u0259 bitki al\u0259mi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 da\u011f\u2013\u00e7\u0259m\u0259n torpaqlar\u0131 inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir. Da\u011fl\u0131q tundra iqlimi \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 (5000 m\u2013d\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259klikd\u0259) da\u011f\u2013\u00e7\u0259m\u0259n torflu torpaqlar formala\u015f\u0131r. S\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131n suay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 sah\u0259si boyunca yay otlaqlar\u0131 kimi istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n da\u011f \u00e7\u0259m\u0259nlikl\u0259ri geni\u015f sah\u0259ni tutur. 1959\u2013cu ild\u0259 Astara rayonunun G\u0259giran m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n miqdar\u0131 2767 mm\u2013\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n da\u011f me\u015f\u0259l\u0259ri alt\u0131nda da\u011f\u2013me\u015f\u0259 torpaqlar\u0131, y\u00fcks\u0259k q\u0259l\u0259vili torpaq tipl\u0259ri inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir. L\u0259nk\u0259ran da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizin\u0259 do\u011fru istiqam\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f c\u0259nub\u2013\u015f\u0259rq yamaclar\u0131nda da\u011f\u2013sar\u0131, yuxa v\u0259 podzollu torpaqlar geni\u015f sah\u0259 tutur. C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n torpaq \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc arid iqlim v\u0259 k\u0259skin par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f relyef \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 formala\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Al\u00e7aq da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 tipik v\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q\u2013sar\u0131, \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda skeletli torpaqlar \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Tipik boz torpaqlar y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011faras\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u0259klikl\u0259rin all\u00fcvial\u2013prol\u00fcvial m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycanda q\u0259hv\u0259yi torpaqlar geni\u015f \u0259razini \u00f6rt\u00fcr. Maqmatik vulkanlar\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaranan effuziv v\u0259 intruziv s\u00fcxurlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015f torpaqlar mikroelementl\u0259rl\u0259 z\u0259ngin olduqlar\u0131ndan onlar\u0131n m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k olur. Qaraba\u011f vulkanik yaylas\u0131n\u0131, Savalan v\u0259 S\u0259h\u0259nd da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n yamaclar\u0131n\u0131 buna misal \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k olar. \u0130qlim \u015f\u0259raitinin kontinentalvar\u0131 v\u0259 quraq ke\u00e7m\u0259sil\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 da\u011f yamaclar\u0131nda seyr\u0259k kserofit kolluqlar\u0131 v\u0259 yar\u0131mkol friqonoid bitkil\u0259ri geni\u015f sah\u0259 tutur. Da\u011faras\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6k\u0259klikl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 maili d\u00fcz\u0259nlikl\u0259rd\u0259 quru \u00e7\u00f6l v\u0259 yar\u0131ms\u0259hra bitkil\u0259ri inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir. Qotur\u2013Musalan da\u011f silsil\u0259sinin \u015f\u0259rq yamaclar\u0131nda enliyarpaql\u0131 me\u015f\u0259l\u0259r, bozq\u0131r v\u0259 friqonoid bitkil\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t kolluqlar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin sahili boyu \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6vr\u00fcn d\u0259mira\u011fac\u0131, \u015fabal\u0131dyarpaq pal\u0131d, dzelkva v\u0259 bu kimi relikt bitkil\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t subtropik me\u015f\u0259l\u0259r inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif y\u00fcks\u0259klik diapazonlar\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b t\u0259bii \u015f\u0259rait, ayr\u0131\u2013ayr\u0131 t\u0259bii co\u011frafi komponentl\u0259r aras\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259sir n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 on bir land\u015faft tipi v\u0259 yar\u0131mtipi yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259tli par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n subnival, qism\u0259n nival\u2013buzlaq, y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0259m\u0259nlik land\u015faft\u0131 vard\u0131r. Orta da\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n enliyarpaql\u0131 me\u015f\u0259 v\u0259 me\u015f\u0259d\u0259n sonrak\u0131 \u00e7\u0259m\u0259n\u2013\u00e7\u00f6l, orta da\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da\u011f kserofit (friqonoid) land\u015faftlar\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur. Da\u011f \u0259t\u0259kl\u0259rinin enliyarpaql\u0131 me\u015f\u0259, al\u00e7aq da\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kserofit, quru \u00e7\u00f6l v\u0259 arid me\u015f\u0259, \u00e7\u00f6l v\u0259 yar\u0131ms\u0259hra land\u015faftlar\u0131 geni\u015f sah\u0259ni \u0259hat\u0259 edir. D\u00fcz\u0259nlik \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 oval\u0131q v\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259nlikl\u0259rin me\u015f\u0259\u2013\u00e7\u0259m\u0259n, quru\u2013\u00e7\u00f6l v\u0259 yar\u0131ms\u0259hra land\u015faftlar\u0131 inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n heyvanlar al\u0259mi v\u0259 qoruqlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n qayal\u0131q hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bezoar ke\u00e7il\u0259ri, muflonlar m\u0259skunla\u015f\u0131b. Da\u011f\u2013me\u015f\u0259 qur\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda da\u015fl\u0131q d\u0259l\u0259si, me\u015f\u0259 d\u0259l\u0259si, ay\u0131, va\u015faq, me\u015f\u0259 pi\u015fiyi, b\u0259z\u0259n b\u0259bir, muflon (da\u011f qoyunu), c\u00fcy\u00fcr, \u00e7\u00f6l donuzu (qaban), tetra qu\u015fu, g\u00f6y\u0259r\u00e7in, ular v\u0259 b. vard\u0131r. Yar\u0131ms\u0259hra \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131quyruq si\u00e7an, oxlu kirpi, nutriya, g\u00fcrz\u0259, turac, k\u0259klik, k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri qu\u015flar v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqa heyvanlar ya\u015fay\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n daimi v\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti qoruqlar\u0131nda nadir heyvan n\u00f6vl\u0259ri (ceyran, bezoar ke\u00e7isi, muflon, c\u00fcy\u00fcr (\u0259lik), xall\u0131 maral, sayqak, maral, k\u00f6vk\u0259r v\u0259 b.), relikt v\u0259 endemik me\u015f\u0259 bitkil\u0259ri, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 land\u015faft kompleksl\u0259ri m\u00fchafiz\u0259 olunur. Bu qoruqlara Q\u0131z\u0131la\u011fac, Zaqatala, G\u00f6yg\u00f6l, B\u0259sit\u00e7ay, \u015eirvan, Qarayaz\u0131, Pirqulu, Turyan\u00e7ay, Hirkan v\u0259 ba\u015fqa qoruqlar aiddir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

AZ\u018fRBAYCAN RESPUBLIKASI D\u00d6VL\u018fT NEFT \u015e\u0130RK\u018fT\u0130<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\nAz\u0259rbaycanda neft s\u0259nayesinin inki\u015faf tarixin\u0259 aid q\u0131sa aray\u0131\u015f<\/h5>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada neft s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259ti kimi tan\u0131nan Az\u0259rbaycanda \u201cqara q\u0131z\u0131l\u201d q\u0259dim zamanlardan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Tarix\u00e7il\u0259rin ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259lum olub ki, h\u0259l\u0259 bizim eradan \u0259vv\u0259l VII-VI \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Ab\u015feron yar\u0131madas\u0131nda neft \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n t\u0259bii neft\u2013qaz\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 d\u00fcnyada ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq 1836-c\u0131 ild\u0259 akademik Q.\u0130.Qessi elmi sur\u0259td\u0259 t\u0259hlil etmi\u015f v\u0259 onun t\u0259rkibini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etmi\u015fdir. Professor K.V.Kostrin is\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat i\u015fl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259bii qazdan ilk d\u0259f\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Tarixi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 istinad\u0259n mexaniki \u00fcsulla d\u00fcnyada ilk neft quyusu 1847-ci ild\u0259 Bibiheyb\u0259td\u0259 qaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. S\u00fcbut olunmu\u015fdur ki, d\u0259nizd\u0259 d\u0259 ilk neft quyusu XVIII \u0259srd\u0259 Ab\u015feron yar\u0131madas\u0131nda \u2013 d\u0259nizd\u0259n 19 metr aral\u0131da qaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Sonralar X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin qalxmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259min neft k\u0259hrizl\u0259ri suyun alt\u0131nda qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00fcnyada t\u0259kc\u0259 ilk neft-qaz hasilat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kimi deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 ilk neftay\u0131rma m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 malik bir \u00f6lk\u0259 kimi d\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r. 1859-cu ild\u0259 Bak\u0131da Dubinin qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ilk iri neftay\u0131rma zavodlar\u0131 istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilir. Hasil v\u0259 emal olunan neft v\u0259 neft m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya bazarlar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 1897-ci ild\u0259 Bak\u0131dan Batuma birba\u015fa neft k\u0259m\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259kilir.
\nAz\u0259rbaycanda neft hasilat\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar erk\u0259n orta \u0259sr alim v\u0259 s\u0259yyahlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 qeyd olunmu\u015f v\u0259 bu qeyri-adi m\u0259hsulun b\u00f6y\u00fck g\u0259lirl\u0259r g\u0259tirdiyi bildirilmi\u015fdir. Lakin o d\u00f6vrl\u0259r neft ancaq m\u0259i\u015f\u0259td\u0259 yanacaq kimi, tibbi v\u0259 h\u0259rbi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunurdu.
\nXIV \u0259sr s\u0259yyah\u0131 Marko Polo bu b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 neftd\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin m\u00fcalic\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si v\u0259 yax\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 neftin da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259 Balaxan\u0131dak\u0131 neft quyusundan tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f da\u015f \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki yaz\u0131 h\u0259min quyunun 1594-c\u00fc ild\u0259 usta Allahyar M\u0259mm\u0259d Nuro\u011flu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259r verir.
\nBak\u0131 neft s\u0259nayesinin \u0259trafl\u0131 t\u0259sviri 1683-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u0130randak\u0131 \u0130cve\u00e7 s\u0259firliyinin katibi E.Kempfer t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir. O, \u00f6z yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda Ab\u015feronda yerin s\u0259thin\u0259-Yanarda\u011fda \u00e7\u0131xan t\u0259bii qaz\u0131n yerinin m\u00f6vcudluqunu t\u0259sdiq etmi\u015fdir. Kempfer \u201cyanar \u00e7\u00f6l\u201d\u00fc bel\u0259 t\u0259svir edir: \u201c…o x\u00fcsusi v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. B\u0259zi \u00e7atlarda g\u00fccl\u00fc alov, dig\u0259rl\u0259ri sakit alov yay\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 ham\u0131ya yax\u0131na g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259 imkan yarad\u0131rd\u0131; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl\u0259ri t\u00fcst\u00fcl\u0259nirdi v\u0259 neftin a\u011f\u0131r, \u00fcfun\u0259tli buxarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131rd\u0131. Uzunlu\u011fu 88, eni 26 add\u0131m olan sah\u0259d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015firdi\u201d. \u018fb\u0259di alovun v\u0259 Suraxan\u0131da alovp\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259rin m\u0259b\u0259dinin yerini bel\u0259 t\u0259svir edirdi: \u201c\u018fb\u0259di alovdan \u015fimali-q\u0259rb\u0259 min add\u0131mda a\u011f neft m\u0259nb\u0259yi yerl\u0259\u015fir\u201d. M\u0259lumdur ki, q\u0259dim m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 nefti b\u0259z\u0259n \u201cnafta\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar.
\nS\u0259naye \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli neft ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1847-1848-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Bibiheyb\u0259t, sonralar is\u0259 Balaxan\u0131 yataqlar\u0131nda mexaniki \u00fcsulla qaz\u0131lan quyulardan hasil edilmi\u015fdir v\u0259 bu \u0259r\u0259f\u0259d\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycanda neft s\u0259nayesinin inki\u015faf\u0131 ba\u015flan\u0131r.
\nMexaniki \u00fcsulla qaz\u0131lan quyular\u0131n texnika v\u0259 texnologiyas\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 boyunca bir s\u0131ra yeni yataqlar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 (Bin\u0259q\u0259di, Pirallah\u0131 yar\u0131madas\u0131, Suraxan\u0131 v\u0259 s.), neftin hasilat\u0131 art\u0131r, neft s\u0259nayesinin infrastrukturunun inki\u015faf\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131r, neftin hasilat\u0131, yenid\u0259n emal\u0131 v\u0259 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycanda yerli burjuaziya formala\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Bak\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259naye m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n birin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.
\n1847-1920-ci ill\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycanda Sovet hakimiyy\u0259ti qurulana q\u0259d\u0259r mexaniki \u00fcsulla qaz\u0131lan quyulardan hasil edil\u0259n neft ilk hasilat d\u00f6vr\u00fc hesab edilir.
\n1941-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda 23,5 milyon ton neft \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r ki, bu da b\u00fct\u00fcn Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131nda hasil olunan neftin 71,4%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015fdir. Bel\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k hasilat SSR\u0130-nin \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259ki q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259sini t\u0259min etmi\u015f, xalq t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran bir \u00e7ox m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259llind\u0259 neftin x\u00fcsusi rolunu daha da art\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nAz\u0259rbaycanda d\u00fcnyada ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq d\u0259nizd\u0259 neftin \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131na da ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1949-cu ilin 7 noyabr tarixind\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q d\u0259nizd\u0259 sahild\u0259n 40 km, Bak\u0131dan 90 km aral\u0131da “Neft Da\u015flar\u0131” yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fkar edilm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 v\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259ri b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada m\u0259\u015fhur etdi. Sonralar X\u0259z\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycan sektorunda bir-birinin ard\u0131nca “G\u00fcrgan-d\u0259niz”, “Pirallah\u0131”, “\u00c7ilov adas\u0131” kimi yataqlar m\u0259nims\u0259nilmi\u015fdir.
\n1970-ci ill\u0259rin sonu 1980-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259nizin 80-350 metr d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rind\u0259 indi adlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada m\u0259\u015fhur olan “Az\u0259ri”, “\u00c7\u0131raq”, “K\u0259p\u0259z” v\u0259 haz\u0131rda ARDN\u015e neftinin 60%-d\u0259n \u00e7oxunu ver\u0259n “G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fli” kimi yataqlar a\u015fkar edildi.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan\u0131n neft s\u0259nayesi tarixind\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm hadis\u0259l\u0259r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da qeyd olunmu\u015fdur:
\n1844-c\u00fc ild\u0259 F.N.Semyonovun s\u0259yi il\u0259 qazma \u00fcsulu il\u0259 Bak\u0131 m\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fcnyada ilk d\u0259rin quyu qaz\u0131l\u0131b. Bu hadis\u0259 \u0259ll\u0259 qazman\u0131n sonu olub.
\n1872-1873-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259, AB\u015e-dan 15 il \u0259vv\u0259l quyu nasosundan istifad\u0259 edilib.
\n1877-ci ild\u0259 neft m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilk metal korpuslu \u201cZoroastr\u201d (\u201cZ\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u201d) tankeri istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilib.
\n1884-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 vurma \u00fcsulu il\u0259 qazmadan istifad\u0259 olunub. Bu, sonralar \u201cBak\u0131 \u00fcsulu\u201d ad\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhurla\u015f\u0131b.
\n1899-1901-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda neft hasilat\u0131 11,5 milyon tona \u00e7at\u0131b v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan neft hasilat\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fcnya liderin\u0259 \u00e7evrilib. (Bu zaman AB\u015e-da ild\u0259 c\u0259mi 9,1 milyon ton neft hasil olunurdu).
\n1905-ci ild\u0259 Balaxan\u0131da d\u00fcnya neft s\u0259nayesi tarixind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq kompressor istismar\u0131 t\u0259tbiq edilmi\u015fdir.
\n1916-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Ramanada ilk d\u0259f\u0259 qazlift texnologiyas\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur.
\n1941-ci ild\u0259 d\u00fcnyada ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq Bay\u0131lda 2000 metr d\u0259rinlikd\u0259 \u201cA\u011fa Nematulla turbin \u00fcsulu\u201d il\u0259 maili quyu qaz\u0131l\u0131b istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilib.
\n1949-cu ild\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259vi \u201cNeft da\u015flar\u0131\u201d yata\u011f\u0131 k\u0259\u015ff olundu. Bu hadis\u0259 d\u0259nizd\u0259 neft hasilat\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoydu.
\n1971-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda milyard\u0131nc\u0131 ton neft \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131.
\n1994-c\u00fc ild\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n iri v\u0259 apar\u0131c\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin neft \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ril\u0259 “M\u0259hsulun Pay B\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc” \u2013 “\u018fsrin m\u00fcqavil\u0259si” Sazi\u015finin imzalanmas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmummilli lideri Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin m\u00fcdrik siyas\u0259tinin, uzaqg\u00f6r\u0259nliyinin v\u0259 siyasi c\u0259sar\u0259tinin ifad\u0259si idi. Sazi\u015f dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin Az\u0259rbaycana inam\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 sonradan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f neft \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u00f6lk\u0259miz\u0259 ax\u0131n\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yaratd\u0131. Bununla da Az\u0259rbaycan xarici s\u0259rmay\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z qap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7d\u0131. Bu vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r ARDN\u015e v\u0259 xarici neft \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda “Hasilat\u0131n pay b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc” tipli 32 sazi\u015f imzalanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bununla da Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n neft s\u0259nayesi tarixind\u0259 yeni eran\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 qoyuldu.
\n2013-c\u00fc il dekabr\u0131n 17-d\u0259 Bak\u0131da \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d yata\u011f\u0131ndan \u201cFaza-2″ layih\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 qaz hasilat\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin imzalanmas\u0131 m\u0259rasimi ke\u00e7irilib. \u201d\u018fsrin M\u00fcqavil\u0259si-2″ kimi d\u0259 adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz-2″ layih\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 yekun investisiya q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan \u0259razisi il\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqaz Boru K\u0259m\u0259rinin (CQBK) geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n Trans-Anadolu Qaz Boru K\u0259m\u0259rinin (TANAP), h\u0259m\u00e7inin Yunan\u0131stan v\u0259 Albaniyadan ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k \u0130taliyaya uzanan Trans-Adriatik Boru K\u0259m\u0259rinin (TAP) tikintisi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 planlar\u0131n realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259k.
\n\u201cBP-Az\u0259rbaycan\u201d \u015firk\u0259tinin yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u0259smi m\u0259lumatda bildirilir ki, bu layih\u0259l\u0259r qaz\u0131 Bolqar\u0131stana \u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259k infrastrukturun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na v\u0259 Avropaya yeni bir C\u0259nub Qaz D\u0259hlizinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan ver\u0259c\u0259k.
\n\u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d layih\u0259si \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259nizd\u0259 26 sualt\u0131 quyunun qaz\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 tamamlanmas\u0131, h\u0259m\u00e7inin k\u00f6rp\u00fc il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259c\u0259k iki platforman\u0131n qurulmas\u0131, quruda is\u0259 S\u0259ng\u0259\u00e7alda yeni texniki emal v\u0259 kompressiya qur\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n tikintisini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur.
\n\u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi olacaq: BP (operator-28,8%), ARDN\u015e (16,7%), \u201cStatoil\u201d (15,5%), \u201cTotal\u201d (10%), \u201cLUKoil\u201d (10%), NICO (10%) v\u0259 TPAO (9%).
\n\u201cBOTA\u015e\u201d v\u0259 BP-nin TANAP-da 2014-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atmas\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n i\u015ftirak paylar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131ndan sonra TANAP t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131 bu \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r olacaq: ARDN\u015e (operator-68%), \u201cBOTA\u015e\u201d (20%) v\u0259 BP (12%).
\nTAP t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131 is\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rdir: ARDN\u015e (20%), BP (20%), \u201cStatoil\u201d (20%), \u201cFluxys\u201d (16%), \u201cTotal\u201d (10%), E.ON (9%) v\u0259 \u201cAxpo\u201d (5%).
\nBu layih\u0259 say\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan art\u0131q \u00f6z qaz\u0131n\u0131 birba\u015fa Avropa bazar\u0131na, h\u0259m d\u0259 bazar qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259c\u0259k. Bu is\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin bir bazardan as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aradan qalxmas\u0131 v\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131n mavi yanacaq ixracat\u0131nda \u0259sas h\u0259d\u0259f\u0259 vurmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na g\u0259lir. Bak\u0131 bu q\u0259rarla Moskvan\u0131n x\u0259trin\u0259 d\u0259ym\u0259d\u0259n Avropa Birliyinin enerji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259 ciddi t\u00f6hf\u0259 verir. Odur ki, TAP anla\u015fmas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259m d\u0259 siyasi-diplomatik \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir.<\/p>\n

ARDN\u015e-in tarixi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Neft \u015eirk\u0259ti (ARDN\u015e) d\u00fcnyada tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f neft \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Respublikan\u0131n neft s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259ni vahid d\u00f6vl\u0259t siyas\u0259ti \u0259sas\u0131nda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k, neft s\u0259nayesinin idar\u0259etm\u0259 strukturunu t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k, yanacaq-enerji kompleksinin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin 200 sayl\u0131 13.09.1992-ci il F\u0259rman\u0131 il\u0259 ”Az\u0259rineft” D\u00f6vl\u0259t Konserninin v\u0259 ”Az\u0259rnefkimya” \u0130stehsalat Birliyininin bazas\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Neft \u015eirk\u0259ti yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin 328 sayl\u0131 26 fevral 1993-c\u00fc il tarixli S\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 ARDN\u015e-in yeni idar\u0259etm\u0259 strukturu t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdir.
\n\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 vaxtlarda Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n neft s\u0259nayesini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n \u201cAz\u0259rneft\u201d birl\u0259\u015fdirdiyi v\u0259 idar\u0259 etdiyi m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq \u0130ttifaq \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli trest v\u0259 ya birlik kimi m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ittifaq v\u0259 respublika t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131na (Az\u0259rbaycan SSR Xalq Komissarlar\u0131 Soveti, SSR\u0130 Ali Xalq T\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 \u015euras\u0131, SSR\u0130 A\u011f\u0131r S\u0259naye Nazirliyi, Az\u0259rbaycan SSR Xalq T\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 \u015euras\u0131) tabe olmu\u015f v\u0259 ”Az\u0259rneftkomit\u0259”, ”Az\u0259rneftkombinat” (sonralar ”Az\u0259rneft”, ”Az\u0259rneftzavodlar” v\u0259 ”Az\u0259rneftma\u015f\u0131nqay\u0131rma” Birlikl\u0259rin\u0259 ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f), ”Az\u0259rneft\u00e7\u0131xarma” Birliyi v\u0259 s. adlar da\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 \u201cAz\u0259rneft\u201din \u0259sas\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan SSR Neft S\u0259nayesi Nazirliyi (1954-1959), Az\u0259rbaycan SSR Neft\u00e7\u0131xarma S\u0259nayesi Nazirliyi (1965-1970) yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1970-ci ilin avqustunda ”Az\u0259rneft” ad\u0131 yenid\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkilata qaytar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u201cAz\u0259rneft\u201d Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n neft s\u0259nayesin\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k, da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015f neft t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k, neft v\u0259 neft m\u0259hsullar\u0131 istehsal\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir t\u0259\u015fkilat olmu\u015fdur.
\nARDN\u015e yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtdan onun strukturunda bir s\u0131ra d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r edilmi\u015fdir. Bel\u0259 ki, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin 10 yanvar 1994-c\u00fc il tarixli ARDN\u015e\u2013in strukturunun t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda 50 sayl\u0131 S\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n D\u00f6vl\u0259t Neft \u015eirk\u0259tinin strukturunda D\u0259nizd\u0259 v\u0259 Quruda Neft v\u0259 Qaz\u00e7\u0131xarma \u0130stehsalat Birlikl\u0259ri yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin ARDN\u015e-in strukturunun t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda 24 yanvar 2003-c\u00fc il tarixli 844 sayl\u0131 F\u0259rman\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n ARDN\u015e-in Nizamnam\u0259si v\u0259 onun strukturu t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015f, 18 sentyabr 2004-c\u00fc il tarixli 127 n\u00f6mr\u0259li v\u0259 22 dekabr 2005-ci il tarixli 340 n\u00f6mr\u0259li F\u0259rmanlar\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Neft \u015eirk\u0259tinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 \u015eirk\u0259tin Nizamnam\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 idar\u0259etm\u0259 strukturunda \u0259lav\u0259 v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

ARDN\u015e-in v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARDN\u015e respublikan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259razisind\u0259 – quruda v\u0259 d\u0259nizd\u0259 neft v\u0259 qaz yataqlar\u0131n\u0131n axtar\u0131\u015f\u0131, k\u0259\u015ffiyyat\u0131, haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si, neftin, qaz\u0131n, qaz kondensat\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, emal\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259qli, h\u0259m\u00e7inin onlardan al\u0131nan m\u0259hsullar\u0131n daxili v\u0259 xarici bazarlarda sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, istehlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fcvafiq enerji da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na olan t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n\u0131n sabit v\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259si il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olur. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin, b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259cmd\u0259 elmi-t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 layih\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri yerin\u0259 yetirir.
\nARDN\u015e-in f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti neft v\u0259 qaz s\u0259nayesinin vahid kompleks kimi s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259sind\u0259n, istehlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n enerji da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na olan t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n\u0131n etibarl\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Neft \u015eirk\u0259tinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda www.socar.az internet sayt\u0131nda daim yenil\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u0259lumat v\u0259 informasiyalarla tan\u0131\u015f olmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\n\u015eirk\u0259t onun \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rini yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qanunvericilikl\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f qaydada a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t n\u00f6vl\u0259rini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir:
\n– sah\u0259nin inki\u015faf\u0131na dair uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli proqnozlar\u0131n, m\u0259qs\u0259dli kompleks elmi texniki, iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial proqramlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131;
\n– istehsal\u0131n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259sini, enerjiy\u0259 v\u0259 material ehtiyatlar\u0131na q\u0259na\u0259t siyas\u0259tinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini, sah\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda \u0259lveri\u015fli istehsal-texnoloji v\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131;
\n– sah\u0259nin perspektiv inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259sind\u0259 \u015eirk\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli d\u00f6vl\u0259t hakimiyy\u0259ti orqanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259min edilm\u0259sini;
\n– sah\u0259nin istehsal v\u0259 sosial bazas\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131, \u015eirk\u0259tin t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil olan m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcasirl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131, onlar\u0131n yeni texnika v\u0259 texnologiyalarla t\u0259chiz edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qanunvericilikl\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f qaydada investisiya f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini;
\n– m\u00fcasir tikinti texnologiyas\u0131ndan v\u0259 texniki vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259kl\u0259 geoloji-k\u0259\u015ffiyyat i\u015fl\u0259rinin apar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, yataqlar\u0131n istismar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259sini, buruqlar\u0131n tikintisinin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sini, h\u0259m\u00e7inin, yerin t\u0259kind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitin m\u00fchafiz\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan qanunvericiliy\u0259 riay\u0259t etm\u0259kl\u0259 yataqlar\u0131n istismara haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259tinin v\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131;
\n– t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q \u00fcsullar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 formalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini, elmi nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin istehsalatda t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259sini;
\n– iqtisadi v\u0259 istehsal-texniki proqramlar\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn banklardan, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n xarici banklardan v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n kredit v\u0259saitl\u0259rinin c\u0259lb olunmas\u0131n\u0131;
\n– kadr siyas\u0259tinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini, respublikada v\u0259 xaricd\u0259 kadrlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 ixtisas\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilini;
\n– sosial sah\u0259nin maddi bazas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilm\u0259si hesab\u0131na m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259 kollektivl\u0259rinin sosial inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fli imkanlar yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131;
\n– d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131, xarici \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 sahibkarlarla qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259li f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259sini;
\n– geofiziki, geoloji axtar\u0131\u015f-k\u0259\u015ffiyyat i\u015fl\u0259rinin \u0259sas istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rinin i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq qaydada t\u0259sdiql\u0259nm\u0259sinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259sini;
\n– yeni k\u0259\u015ff olunmu\u015f yataqlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 verilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259sini, m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istismar olunan yataqlar\u0131n t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259, s\u0259naye-istismar layih\u0259l\u0259rinin, texnoloji sxeml\u0259rinin, neft, qaz v\u0259 qaz kondensatl\u0131 yataqlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si layih\u0259l\u0259rinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq qaydada t\u0259sdiq edilm\u0259sini;
\n– neft v\u0259 qaz\u00e7\u0131xarma m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin illik i\u015f proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259sdiq edilm\u0259sini v\u0259 bu proqramlara uy\u011fun olaraq onlar\u0131n illik b\u00fcdc\u0259 v\u0259saitl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini;
\n– hasil edilmi\u015f xam neftin v\u0259 t\u0259bii qaz\u0131n n\u0259qlinin t\u0259\u015fkil edilm\u0259sini v\u0259 xidm\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 n\u0259ql m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f n\u0259ql haqq\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259sini;
\n– xam neftin v\u0259 t\u0259bii qaz\u0131n emal\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkil edilm\u0259sini, neft v\u0259 qaz emal m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u015eirk\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n xidm\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f emal x\u0259rcl\u0259rinin \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259sini;
\n– xam neft, t\u0259bii qaz, neft v\u0259 qaz m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkil edilm\u0259sini v\u0259 onlar\u0131n t\u0259chizat x\u0259rcl\u0259rinin m\u00fcvafiq qaydada \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259sini;
\n– torpaqlar\u0131n rekultivasiyas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchitin m\u00fchafiz\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131mi t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259sini;
\n– qanunvericilikl\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f qaydada xarici iqtisadi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini v\u0259 s.<\/p>\n

ARDN\u015e-in birg\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq layih\u0259l\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARDN\u015e ist\u0259r d\u0259nizd\u0259, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 quruda neftin v\u0259 t\u0259bii qaz\u0131n daha s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li hasil olunmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 birg\u0259 layih\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir. Bu g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ARDN\u015e d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 20-d\u0259n art\u0131q \u00f6lk\u0259sinin 30-dan yuxar\u0131 \u015firk\u0259ti il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n neft v\u0259 qaz yataqlar\u0131n\u0131n birg\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 dair 26 sazi\u015f imzalam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u00d6z m\u00fch\u00fcml\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259, qlobal \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u201cAz\u0259ri-\u00c7\u0131raq-G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fli\u201d, \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d, Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Ceyhan v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqaz qaz k\u0259m\u0259ri layih\u0259l\u0259ri \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00f6n\u0259m k\u0259sb edir.
\nHaz\u0131rda b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 olan \u201cAz\u0259ri-\u00c7\u0131raq-G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fli\u201d v\u0259 \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d kimi layih\u0259l\u0259r m\u0259hz d\u0259nizd\u0259, X\u0259z\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycan sektorunda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. Sazi\u015f\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, yataqlar\u0131n tammiqyasl\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si 3 faza (m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259) \u00fczr\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. Faza-1 layih\u0259si \u201cAz\u0259ri\u201d yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi hiss\u0259sinin, Faza-2 layih\u0259si \u201cAz\u0259ri\u201d yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rb v\u0259 \u015f\u0259rq hiss\u0259l\u0259rinin, Faza-3 layih\u0259si is\u0259 \u201cAz\u0259ri\u201d, \u201c\u00c7\u0131raq\u201d yataqlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 \u201cG\u00fcn\u0259\u015fli\u201d yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rinlikd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n hiss\u0259sinin tammiqyasl\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sini \u0259hat\u0259 edir.
\n\u201cAz\u0259ri-\u00c7\u0131raq-G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fli\u201d layih\u0259si \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 hasil olunan neft d\u00fcnya bazarlar\u0131na tarix\u0259 Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev ad\u0131na Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-Ceyhan \u018fsas \u0130xrac Neft K\u0259m\u0259ri kimi daxil olan boru vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ixrac olunur. Bak\u0131dan T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin Ceyhan liman\u0131na \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n v\u0259 uzunlu\u011fu 1770 km-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan bu k\u0259m\u0259r X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259n Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r 3000 metr h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 da\u011flardan, 1500 \u00e7ay ke\u00e7idind\u0259n v\u0259 7 seysmik zonadan ke\u00e7ir. Neftin n\u0259ql sur\u0259ti saniy\u0259d\u0259 2 metrdir. Bu k\u0259m\u0259rin \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n s\u0259rf\u0259li olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, region \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259m d\u0259 strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n daxild\u0259ki v\u0259 xaricd\u0259ki b\u0259dxahlar\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u0259han\u0259l\u0259r g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k, layih\u0259nin realla\u015fmas\u0131na mane olma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Lakin b\u00fct\u00fcn mane\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq, k\u0259m\u0259rin tikintisi ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131 v\u0259 2006-c\u0131 ilin may ay\u0131n\u0131n 28-d\u0259 – Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Respublika g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 k\u0259m\u0259r\u0259 vurulmu\u015f ilk neft Ceyhan liman\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130yulun 4-d\u0259 BTC k\u0259m\u0259ri il\u0259 S\u0259ng\u0259\u00e7al terminal\u0131ndan Ceyhana q\u0259d\u0259r 1768 km m\u0259saf\u0259 q\u0259t etmi\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan nefti il\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259nmi\u015f ilk tanker Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizinin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 sahilind\u0259n yola sal\u0131nd\u0131. K\u0259m\u0259rin t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259li a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f m\u0259rasimi iyulun 13-d\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin Ceyhan liman\u0131nda v\u0259 \u0130stambul \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259, 98 \u00f6lk\u0259nin y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259li t\u0259msil\u00e7il\u0259rinin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 ke\u00e7irildi. Az\u0259rbaycan, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan prezidentl\u0259ri BTC-nin m\u00fcst\u0259sna \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tinin r\u0259mzi olaraq, k\u0259m\u0259rin maketin\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131ldan sonluq \u0259lav\u0259 etdil\u0259r. Art\u0131q b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 olan BTC k\u0259m\u0259ri iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7ox s\u0259rf\u0259li oldu\u011fundan b\u0259zi d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r bu k\u0259m\u0259r vasit\u0259si il\u0259 \u00f6z neftini n\u0259ql etm\u0259k niyy\u0259tind\u0259dirl\u0259r. Bel\u0259 ki, art\u0131q Az\u0259rbaycanla Qazax\u0131stan aras\u0131nda Qazax\u0131stan neftinin BTC vasit\u0259sil\u0259 n\u0259ql olunmas\u0131na dair sazi\u015f imzalanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n4 iyun 1996-c\u0131 il tarixind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Neft \u015eirk\u0259ti v\u0259 Layih\u0259 \u0130\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olan BP, Lukoil, N\u0130CO, Statoil, TPAO, TOTAL \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n iri qaz v\u0259 qaz-kondensat yataqlar\u0131ndan olan v\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycan sektorunda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d perspektiv sah\u0259sinin k\u0259\u015ffiyyat\u0131, i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 hasilat\u0131n pay b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc haqq\u0131nda Sazi\u015f imzalanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bii qaz ehtiyat\u0131 1 trilyon kubmetrd\u0259n \u00e7ox, kondensat ehtiyat\u0131 is\u0259 300 milyon tondan \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilir. Yata\u011f\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sinin 1-ci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 (\u201cplato d\u00f6vr\u00fc\u201dnd\u0259) ild\u0259 8 milyard kubmetr t\u0259bii qaz hasilat\u0131 proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Hasil olunacaq qaz\u0131n m\u00fcvafiq m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 (ild\u0259 t\u0259qrib\u0259n 6 milyard kubmetr), G\u00fcrc\u00fcstana (ild\u0259 0.3 milyard kubmetr) v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana (ild\u0259 1.5 milyard kubmetr) t\u0259chizat\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulub. \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tam i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 Faza-1 layih\u0259si \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 qaz\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 marketinqinin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Norve\u00e7in \u201cStatoyl\u201d \u015firk\u0259tinin operatorlu\u011fu il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Qaz T\u0259chizat\u0131 \u015eirk\u0259ti yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu yataqdan hasil olunacaq qaz ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n daxili t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259rf edil\u0259c\u0259k. Eyni zamanda Faza-1 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 hasil olunacaq qaz\u0131n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u201cBota\u015f\u201d \u015firk\u0259tin\u0259 v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u0131n Beyn\u0259lxalq \u018fm\u0259liyyat \u015eirk\u0259tin\u0259 sat\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda sazi\u015fl\u0259r ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan-T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan-G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, Az\u0259rbaycan-T\u00fcrkiy\u0259-Yunan\u0131stan aras\u0131nda ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f sazi\u015fl\u0259r \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d qaz\u0131n\u0131n Avropaya n\u0259qlin\u0259 imkan yaradacaqd\u0131r. Yata\u011f\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sinin 2-ci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 proqnozlara g\u00f6r\u0259, ild\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 12 milyard kubmetr t\u0259bii qaz hasil olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. 2015-ci il\u0259 kimi \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d yata\u011f\u0131ndan ild\u0259 t\u0259qrib\u0259n 20 milyard kubmetr qaz\u0131n hasilat\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259nilir.
\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n z\u0259ngin qaz-kondensat yataqlar\u0131ndan say\u0131lan \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d yata\u011f\u0131ndan hasilat 2006-c\u0131 ilin dekabr\u0131nda ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 2010-ci il aprel ay\u0131n\u0131n 1-d\u0259k bu yataqdan 18,8 milyard kubmetr qaz hasil edilmi\u015fdir. 2007-ci il fevral ay\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n X\u0259z\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycan sektorundak\u0131 \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d yata\u011f\u0131ndan hasil olunan t\u0259bii qaz Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-\u018frzurum boru k\u0259m\u0259ri vasit\u0259si il\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstana n\u0259ql olunma\u011fa ba\u015flan\u0131b. 2007-ci il iyulun 3-d\u0259 is\u0259 \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d qaz-kondensat yata\u011f\u0131ndan hasil edil\u0259n t\u0259bii qaz Bak\u0131-Tbilisi-\u018frzurum mar\u015frutu \u00fczr\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqaz qaz boru k\u0259m\u0259ri il\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini a\u015faraq, qarda\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259nin qaz k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259ri sistemin\u0259 daxil olmu\u015fdur. C\u0259nubi Qafqaz qaz boru k\u0259m\u0259rinin \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck qabiliyy\u0259ti ild\u0259 20 milyard kubmetr h\u0259cmind\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 k\u0259m\u0259rin uzunlu\u011fu 442 km, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan \u0259razisind\u0259 is\u0259 248 km-dir. Diametri 42 d\u00fcymd\u00fcr. K\u0259m\u0259rin son \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lma n\u00f6qt\u0259si G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan-T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259ddind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 is\u0259 qaz k\u0259m\u0259rinin uzunlu\u011fu 280 km t\u0259\u015fkil edir. K\u0259m\u0259rin G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u2013T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259ddind\u0259n \u018frzuruma q\u0259d\u0259r olan hiss\u0259si BOTA\u015e \u015firk\u0259tinin qaz k\u0259m\u0259r sisteminin bir hiss\u0259si hesab edilir.
\nBT\u018f qaz k\u0259m\u0259ri t\u0259kc\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n deyil, Qazax\u0131stan v\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259nistan\u0131n da maraq dair\u0259sind\u0259dir. Bel\u0259 ki, bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqaz boru k\u0259m\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00f6z qaz\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259ql etm\u0259yi planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, Yunan\u0131stan il\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015f sazi\u015f\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Ankaradan Komotiniy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qaz boru k\u0259m\u0259rinin \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259sin\u0259 dair sazi\u015f imzalanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu is\u0259 \u201c\u015eahd\u0259niz\u201d qaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259, Yunan\u0131stana, \u0130taliyaya, Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259ql olunmas\u0131na z\u0259min yarad\u0131b.
\n\u015eirk\u0259tin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f birg\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259), alyanslar, \u018fm\u0259liyyat \u015eirk\u0259tl\u0259ri neft-qaz s\u0259nayesinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. ARDN\u015e\u2013in G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, AB\u015e, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, Rum\u0131niya, Avstriya, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259, Qazax\u0131stan, B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya, \u0130ran, Almaniya, Ukraynada v\u0259 Bel\u00e7ikada n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259likl\u0259ri, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259, Sinqapur, Vyetnam, Nigeriya v\u0259 s. treydinq \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259sis olunmu\u015fdur.
\nARDN\u015e\u2013in missiyas\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n yanacaq-enerji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini, neft-qaz v\u0259 neft-kimya s\u0259nayesinin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 strateji maraqlar\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k, qabaqc\u0131l v\u0259 ekoloji t\u0259miz texnologiyalardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n elmi-texniki, iqtisadi v\u0259 intellektual potensial\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k olmaq, regional v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq enerji layih\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259lledici m\u00f6vqe tutmaq, karbohidrogen ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 emal m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n daxili v\u0259 xarici bazarlarda sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan maksimal m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259t \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259kdir.
\nARDN\u015e\u2013in m\u0259ram\u0131. \u018fm\u0259liyyat effektivliyi, sosial v\u0259 ekoloji m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti qabaqc\u0131l t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259y\u0259 uy\u011fun, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u015faquli inteqrasiya olunmu\u015f iri beyn\u0259lxalq neft-qaz \u015firk\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

\nAzneft \u0130stehsalat Birliyi haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat<\/strong><\/h4>\n

ARDN\u015e-in “Azneft” \u0130stehsalat Birliyi Az\u0259rbaycanda 34 neft-qaz yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir. Bu yataqlardan 20-si quru \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259, 14-\u00fc is\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin Az\u0259rbaycana m\u0259xsus sektorunda yerl\u0259\u015fir.
\nQuru sah\u0259sind\u0259ki Balaxan\u0131-Sabun\u00e7u-Ramana yata\u011f\u0131 1871-ci ild\u0259n istismar olunur. Balaxan\u0131-Sabun\u00e7u-Ramana yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flanmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259sas\u0131 1848-ci ild\u0259 qoyulmu\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan neft s\u0259nayesinin daha s\u00fcr\u0259tli inki\u015faf d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n“Neft Da\u015flar\u0131” yata\u011f\u0131 1949-cu ild\u0259n istismar olunur. D\u00fcnyada ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq a\u00e7\u0131q d\u0259nizd\u0259 bu yata\u011f\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si il\u0259 neft tarixinin yeni s\u0259hif\u0259si a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, d\u0259niz \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 d\u0259rin neft-qaz yataqlar\u0131n\u0131n istismar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn elmi-praktiki b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nUzun ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 toplanm\u0131\u015f n\u0259z\u0259ri-praktiki bilikl\u0259r say\u0259sind\u0259 “Azneft” \u0130B-nin m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri t\u0259kc\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 neft s\u0259nayesinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131nda v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck xidm\u0259tl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.
\n“Azneft” \u0130B-in t\u0259rkibind\u0259 11 neftqaz\u00e7\u0131xarma idar\u0259si f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u0130\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259d\u0259 olan yataqlarda 5700-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r quyu istismar olunur. \u00c7oxsayl\u0131 texnoloji qur\u011fular, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259yinat v\u0259 \u00e7e\u015fidli boru k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259ri, nasos, kompressor v\u0259 elektrik stansiyalar\u0131, dig\u0259r kommunikasiya v\u0259 infrastrukturlar neft-qaz hasilat\u0131n\u0131n texniki-iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyini t\u0259min edir.
\n“Azneft” \u0130B-in t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil olan iki yeralt\u0131 qaz anbar\u0131 m\u00f6vs\u00fcmd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq \u00f6lk\u0259nin qaz t\u0259chizat\u0131n\u0131n stabil v\u0259 etibarl\u0131 t\u0259minat\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutur. Haz\u0131rda regionlar\u0131n qaz t\u0259chizat\u0131n\u0131n yenid\u0259n quruldu\u011funu v\u0259 ARDN\u015e t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qaz ixrac\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, h\u0259r iki yeralt\u0131 qaz anbar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u00fcasirl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 ciddi layih\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir.
\nNeftin ilkin \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lma d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 primitiv texnika v\u0259 texnologiyalar istifad\u0259 olunurdu. Uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 m\u00f6vc\u00fcd olan texniki vasit\u0259 v\u0259 avadanl\u0131qlardan istifad\u0259 olmayaraq neft yataqlar\u0131 intensiv istismar olunurdu.
\nXIX y\u00fczilliyin sonuna Bak\u0131da neft s\u0259nayesi sah\u0259sind\u0259 167 sahibkar f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Onlar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar\u0131 H.Z,Ta\u011f\u0131yev, M.Muxtarov, M.Na\u011f\u0131yev, \u0130.Hacinski, \u015e.\u018fs\u0259dullayev, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Nobel qarda\u015flar\u0131, Rot\u015fild qarda\u015flar\u0131 v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 idil\u0259r.
\nOnillikl\u0259rl\u0259 neftin y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn torpaq anbarlar v\u0259 x\u0259nd\u0259kl\u0259r istifad\u0259 olunurdu. T\u0259rkibind\u0259 neft olan lay sular\u0131n\u0131n qat\u0131\u015f\u0131qlardan t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si onlar\u0131n \u015flamy\u0131\u011f\u0131c\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259 yolu il\u0259 qravitasiya \u00fcsulu il\u0259 apar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.
\nTez-tez qaz\u0131ma v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lma zaman\u0131 fontanlar vururdu v\u0259 k\u00fclli miqdarda neft, qaz, s\u00fcxur v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k minerall\u0131 lay sular\u0131 yer s\u0259thin\u0259 yay\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.
\nN\u0259tic\u0259 olaraq, bel\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259tsiz neft \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lma ekologiyaya m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.
\n1921-ci ild\u0259 neftin \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 24 milyon tona d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc, bu da 1901-ci ild\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 edilmi\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259n 4,6 d\u0259f\u0259 az idi. Neft \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lman\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lki s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin b\u0259rpas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn neft t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b olunurdu. Bel\u0259 \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 xarici \u015firk\u0259t v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin k\u00f6m\u0259yin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00fcmid b\u0259sl\u0259nirdi. 20-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda neft \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na amerikan elmi i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Amerikan qazma \u00fcsuluna ke\u00e7m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn AB\u015e-dan avadanl\u0131q almaq laz\u0131m idi. Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r Pensilvaniya, Oklahoma, Kaliforniya, Texas neft m\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rind\u0259 oldular, quyular\u0131n istismar\u0131, burma qaz\u0131man\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f oldular. AB\u015e \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri bu avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kredit ay\u0131rma\u011fa, texniki yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 s\u00f6z vermi\u015fdil\u0259r.
\n1920-ci ild\u0259 \u201cAzneftekom\u201d t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 yarad\u0131laraq g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 \u201cAzneft\u201d \u0130stehsalat Birliyi adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. O zaman Birliyinin t\u0259rkibin\u0259 neft\u00e7\u0131xarma idar\u0259l\u0259ri, neft emal\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 neft ma\u015f\u0131nqay\u0131rma zavodlar\u0131 daxil edilmi\u015fdir.
\n\u0130lk olaraq \u201cAzneft\u201d \u0130B il\u0259 \u201cBarnsdal neft korporasiyas\u0131\u201d \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu korporasiya \u00fcmumi hasilatdan 15% tutma \u015f\u0259rti il\u0259 k\u00f6hn\u0259, z\u0259ifl\u0259mi\u015f buruqlar\u0131n istismar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Q\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli m\u00fcqavil\u0259 bitdikd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn amerikan avadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259m\u0259nnas\u0131z olaraq \u201cAzneft\u201d \u0130B-n\u0259 ke\u00e7di.
\n\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 neft v\u0259 neft m\u0259hsullar\u0131 olmadan ordunun, aviasiyan\u0131n v\u0259 h\u0259rbi-d\u0259niz donanmas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 imkans\u0131z idi. M\u00fcharib\u0259 ill\u0259rind\u0259 neft\u0259 olan ehtiyac\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq 1941-ci ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 neft\u00e7il\u0259ri neft \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131lmas\u0131nda rekord d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 – 23,482 milyon tona nail oldular. 1942-ci ild\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal olunmas\u0131 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, neft s\u0259nayesinin evakuasiyas\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. Qazma avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n 81 komplekti i\u015f\u00e7i hey\u0259ti il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259nistana, sonra da ikinci Bak\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan Urala v\u0259 Povoljyey\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi.
\nNeft m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131 c\u0259bh\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu il\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259hdud oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, neft s\u0259nayesi r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n neft m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131 sisternl\u0259rd\u0259 Krasnovodsk \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 tankerl\u0259rd\u0259, sonra is\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu il\u0259 c\u0259bh\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k q\u0259rara al\u0131nd\u0131.
\nNeft Da\u015flar\u0131 yataq\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sinin unikall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ondan ibar\u0259t idi ki, qabaqlar bel\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 neft v\u0259 qaz hasil edilm\u0259mi\u015fdir v\u0259 burada t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n yeni texnologiyalar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n he\u00e7 bir yerind\u0259 istismar edilm\u0259mi\u015fdir.
\nPolad dir\u0259kl\u0259rd\u0259 200 km-lik estakadalar, estakad meydan\u00e7alar, quyular\u0131n qaz\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 istismar\u0131, h\u0259m\u00e7inin b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0259naye infrastrukturu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn stasionar \u00f6z\u00fcll\u0259r tikilmi\u015fdir. Orada n\u00f6vb\u0259 \u00fcsulu il\u0259 ya\u015fayan neft\u00e7il\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f massivi \u2013 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rcik tikilmi\u015fdir.
\n1949-cu ild\u0259 “Neft Da\u015flar\u0131” yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n istismara verilm\u0259si il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda d\u0259niz neft s\u0259nayesinin inki\u015faf\u0131 ba\u015flan\u0131r v\u0259 bu 1969-cu il\u0259 kimi davam edir. Bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259niz geoloji-k\u0259\u015ffiyyat i\u015fl\u0259ri geni\u015fl\u0259nir, bir s\u0131ra neft v\u0259 qaz yataqlar\u0131 a\u015fkar edilib istismara verilir (Qum-d\u0259niz, S\u0259ng\u0259\u00e7al-Duvann\u0131-d\u0259niz-X\u0259r\u0259-Zir\u0259 adas\u0131, Bahar, Bulla-d\u0259niz, Darvin k\u00fcp\u0259si, Pal\u00e7\u0131q pilpil\u0259si v\u0259 s.), d\u0259niz qazma i\u015fl\u0259rinin (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n axtar\u0131\u015f – k\u0259\u015ffiyyat qazmas\u0131n\u0131n), hidrotexniki neft qur\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n tikilm\u0259sinin texnika v\u0259 texnologiyas\u0131, d\u0259nizd\u0259 neft\u00e7\u0131xarman\u0131n infrastrukturu inki\u015faf etdirilir. Bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 quru sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 bir s\u0131ra yeni neft v\u0259 qaz-kondensat yataqlar\u0131 a\u015fkar edilib istismara verilmi\u015fdir (K\u00fcrovdaq, Mi\u015fovdaq, K\u00fcrs\u0259ngi, Qaraba\u011fl\u0131, Qalmaz, Qarada\u011f v\u0259 s.). Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n “Neft Da\u015flar\u0131”n\u0131n v\u0259 dig\u0259r yataqlar\u0131n intensiv sur\u0259td\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 istismar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. D\u00fcnya t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q d\u0259nizd\u0259 estakada dir\u0259kl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259niz m\u0259d\u0259ni tikildi.
\n1969-cu ild\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n xalq t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259ri kimi neft v\u0259 qaz s\u0259nayesinin d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k dinamik inki\u015faf m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259m qoymas\u0131 il\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259nir v\u0259 bu da \u00fcmummilli liderimiz Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin Az\u0259rbaycana r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin birinci d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edir. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n neft v\u0259 qaz s\u0259nayesinin x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259niz neftinin hasilat\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf tarixind\u0259 yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. 1970-ci ild\u0259 “X\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259nizneft” \u0130stehsalat Birliyi (\u0130B) yarand\u0131 v\u0259 SSR\u0130 Neft S\u0259nayesi Nazirliyi X\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan neft\u00e7il\u0259rinin d\u0259niz \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 i\u015f aparmaq t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq X\u0259z\u0259rin b\u00fct\u00fcn sektorlar\u0131nda (h\u0259min ild\u0259n X\u0259z\u0259r sektorlara b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc) geoloji-k\u0259\u015ffiyyat, qazma, i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259, istismar v\u0259 dig\u0259r i\u015fl\u0259rin apar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan neft\u00e7il\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259val\u0259 etdi.
\nBu tarix\u0259 kimi X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan texniki v\u0259sait yaln\u0131z d\u0259nizin d\u0259rinlikl\u0259ri 40 m-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 imkan verirdi. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycan sektorunda 40 m-\u0259d\u0259k d\u0259rinlikd\u0259ki perspektivli sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn neft-qaz yataqlar\u0131n\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fkar olunmu\u015fdu.
\nD\u0259nizd\u0259 neft v\u0259 qaz\u0131n hasilat\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rd\u0259 yatan neft v\u0259 qaz yataqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 idi. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmummilli lideri Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc v\u0259 s\u0259yi n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 70-80-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana 75 n\u00f6vd\u0259 400-d\u0259n \u00e7ox a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck qald\u0131ran kran g\u0259misi, boru\u00e7\u0259k\u0259n g\u0259mil\u0259r, seysmik, s\u0259rni\u015fin v\u0259 s. g\u0259mi n\u00f6vl\u0259ri g\u0259tirildi. X\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 2500 t g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259 “Az\u0259rbaycan” kran g\u0259misi i\u015f\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bundan ba\u015fqa ilk vaxtlarda d\u0259nizin 70 m d\u0259rinliyind\u0259 olan sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 geoloji-k\u0259\u015ffiyyat i\u015fl\u0259ri aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn “X\u0259z\u0259r” tipli \u00f6z\u00fcqalxan, sonralar is\u0259 d\u0259nizin 200 m d\u0259rinliyind\u0259ki sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n “\u015eelf” tipli yar\u0131mdalma \u00fcz\u0259n qazma qur\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259nizin daha d\u0259rin sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 z\u0259ngin neft v\u0259 qaz yataqlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0259\u015ff olunmas\u0131na imkan yarand\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 60-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin sonu il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 yeni 8 neft v\u0259 qaz yataqlar\u0131 k\u0259\u015ff edildi, neft ehtiyatlar\u0131 iki, qaz ehtiyatlar\u0131 is\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u0259f\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 1975-ci ild\u0259 neft v\u0259 qaz\u0131n \u00fcmumi hasilat\u0131 27,1 milyon tona (\u015f\u0259rti yanacaq) \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.
\nSSR\u0130-nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, m\u00fcst\u0259qillik d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yeni tarixini \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 “Yeni neft strategiyas\u0131”n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 il\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259nir.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan m\u00fcst\u0259qillik \u0259ld\u0259 etdikd\u0259n sonra 90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 bir \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdir. SSR\u0130-nin ke\u00e7mi\u015f respublikalar\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 aras\u0131nda iqtisadi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin q\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, respublika \u0259razisind\u0259 qeyri-sabitliyin m\u00f6vcud olmas\u0131, maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 texniki t\u0259chizat\u0131n s\u0131fra enm\u0259si neft v\u0259 qaz s\u0259nayesinin a\u011f\u0131r b\u00f6hran v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r maliyy\u0259, texniki v\u0259 dig\u0259r probleml\u0259r a\u015fkar edilmi\u015f “Az\u0259ri”, “\u00c7\u0131raq”, “G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fli” kimi yataqlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan vermirdi. Bel\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 xalq\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bi il\u0259 ikinci d\u0259f\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana r\u0259hb\u0259rliy\u0259 qay\u0131dan c\u0259nab Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev “Neft Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n milli s\u0259rv\u0259tidir” devizi il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k, respublikan\u0131n neft s\u0259nayesinin b\u0259rpas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 yax\u0131ndan m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015fdur. Neft s\u0259nayesind\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0259tin v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmaq v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizin karbohidrogen ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iki variantdan birini se\u00e7m\u0259k laz\u0131m idi. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmummilli lideri xarici iri neft \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rini Az\u0259rbaycana d\u0259v\u0259t etm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldi v\u0259 “Yeni neft strategiyas\u0131” tez bir vaxtda i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rland\u0131. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Prezidentinin s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259ri-\u00c7\u0131raq-G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fli (d\u0259rin sulu hiss\u0259si) yataqlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 xarici \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlara ba\u015fland\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 lab\u00fcd f\u0259lak\u0259td\u0259n xilas ed\u0259n dahi r\u0259hb\u0259r Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev onun iqtisadi y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. 1994-c\u00fc ilin sentyabr\u0131n 20-d\u0259 Az\u0259ri-\u00c7\u0131raq-G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fli (d\u0259rin sulu hiss\u0259si) yataqlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 7 \u00f6lk\u0259sinin 11 m\u0259\u015fhur neft \u015firk\u0259ti il\u0259 “M\u0259hsulun Pay B\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc” sazi\u015fi \u2013 “\u018fsrin m\u00fcqavil\u0259si” imzaland\u0131.
\n“\u018fsrin m\u00fcqavil\u0259si”nin imzalanmas\u0131ndan ke\u00e7\u0259n on doqquz ild\u0259n art\u0131q m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00fcmumilli lider Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin “Yeni neft strategiyas\u0131”n\u0131n \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck u\u011furla realla\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn reall\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evrildi.
\n\u201cAzneft\u201d \u0130stehsalat Birliyin \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di:
\nD\u00f6vl\u0259t Neft \u015eirk\u0259tin\u0259 m\u0259xsus olan karbohidrogen yataqlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0259\u015ffiyyat\u0131, haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, tikintisi, i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si, neftin, qaz\u0131n, qaz kondensta\u0131n\u0131n hasil edilm\u0259sini v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq qaydada t\u0259hvil verilm\u0259si;
\nSah\u0259d\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan texnoloji sisteml\u0259rin v\u0259 istehsalatlar\u0131n etibarl\u0131 istismar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259si.
\n\u018fsas m\u0259qs\u0259d il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 \u201cAzneft\u201d \u0130stehsalat Birliyi \u00f6z Nizamnam\u0259si \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 strateji m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri daimi h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259dir:
\n\u0130stehsalat prosesl\u0259rinin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259sinin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 yeni texnologiyalar\u0131n t\u0259dbiq edilm\u0259si yollar\u0131 il\u0259 neft v\u0259 qaz hasilat\u0131n\u0131 sabitl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k v\u0259 hasilatda art\u0131m tempin\u0259 nail olmaq m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 yeni perspektivli yataqlar\u0131 k\u0259\u015ff etm\u0259k;
\nTexnoloji prosesl\u0259rin effektivliyini y\u00fcks\u0259ld\u0259r\u0259k, qabaqlay\u0131c\u0131 texniki xidm\u0259t mexanizmini t\u0259dbiq ed\u0259r\u0259k v\u0259 potensial riskl\u0259ri idar\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k istehsalat x\u0259rcl\u0259rinin azalma tendensiyas\u0131na nail olmaq;
\nM\u00fcvafiq t\u0259lim-t\u0259dris proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkil edilm\u0259si v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq keyfiyy\u0259t standartlar\u0131n t\u0259dbiq edilm\u0259si vasit\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131n bilik v\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n davaml\u0131 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259k;
\nQanunvericilik v\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq normativ s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l ed\u0259r\u0259k, texniki t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik v\u0259 ekoloji riskl\u0259rin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si mexanizmini t\u0259dbiq ed\u0259r\u0259k, \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 insanlara x\u0259sar\u0259t yetirm\u0259d\u0259n, \u0259traf m\u00fchit\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259mlaka ziyan vurmadan h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259k.
\nAzneft \u0130stehsalat Birliyinin Sa\u011flaml\u0131q, \u018fm\u0259yin m\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Texnikas\u0131, Keyfiyy\u0259t v\u0259 Ekoloji Siyas\u0259tl\u0259ri vard\u0131r.
\n1. Azneft \u0130stehsalat Birliyinin Sa\u011flaml\u0131q, \u018fm\u0259yin M\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Texnikas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 Siyas\u0259ti insanlara x\u0259sar\u0259t yetirm\u0259d\u0259n, \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 q\u0259zalara yol verm\u0259d\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259kl\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq standartlara cavab ver\u0259c\u0259k sistemin qurulmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nAzneft \u0130stehsalat Birliyinin Sa\u011flaml\u0131q, \u018fm\u0259yin M\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Texnikas\u0131 Siyas\u0259tinin m\u0259qs\u0259di, \u015eirk\u0259tin h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rin\u0259 nail olma\u011f\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k ver\u0259c\u0259k, m\u00fcsb\u0259t m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti yaratmaq v\u0259 Sa\u011flaml\u0131q, \u018fm\u0259yin M\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Texnikas\u0131 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tini t\u0259\u015fkil v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011f etm\u0259kdir. Buna nail omaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 prinsipl\u0259r\u0259 riay\u0259t edilir:
\n\u2022 Sa\u011flaml\u0131q, \u018fm\u0259yin M\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Texnikas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar Qanunvericilik v\u0259 Normativ S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l edilm\u0259si;
\n\u2022 Sa\u011flaml\u0131q, \u018fm\u0259yin M\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Texnikas\u0131 qaydalar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131qlanmas\u0131, izah olunmas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259nm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 t\u0259liml\u0259rin t\u0259\u015fkil edilm\u0259si v\u0259 maarifl\u0259ndirici i\u015fl\u0259rin apar\u0131lmas\u0131;
\n\u2022 \u0130nsanlara x\u0259sar\u0259t yetir\u0259c\u0259k, q\u0259za t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259c\u0259k, \u0259traf m\u00fchit\u0259 ziyan ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si v\u0259 qabaqcadan t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131;
\n\u2022 Sa\u011flaml\u0131q, \u018fm\u0259yin M\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Texnikas\u0131 qaydalar\u0131na bigan\u0259liyin v\u0259 laqeydliyin q\u0259ti \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 q\u0259buledilm\u0259z olmas\u0131;
\n\u2022 Sa\u011flaml\u0131q, \u018fm\u0259yin M\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Texnikas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 i\u015f icras\u0131n\u0131 qabaqc\u0131l t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 m\u00fcbadil\u0259si yolu il\u0259 davaml\u0131 sur\u0259td\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.
\nSa\u011flaml\u0131q, \u018fm\u0259yin M\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Texnikas\u0131 Sisteminin t\u0259\u015fkil v\u0259 icras\u0131na n\u0259zar\u0259t edilm\u0259si \u0130B-in m\u00fcvafiq \u015f\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir v\u0259 eyni zamanda, \u0130B-in b\u00fct\u00fcn struktur v\u0259 sah\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259ri bu qaydalar\u0131n t\u0259bli\u011fi v\u0259 onlara riayy\u0259t edilm\u0259sini t\u0259min edirl\u0259r.
\n\u0130B-in he\u00e7 bir \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 bu qaydalara zidd olan \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259m\u0259lidir.
\n2. Azneft \u0130stehsalat Birliyinin Keyfiyy\u0259t Siyas\u0259ti, Birliyin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin h\u0259r bir m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k keyfiyy\u0259t standartlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 bu standartlar\u0131 davaml\u0131 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259dbiq edilm\u0259sin\u0259 nail olmaqd\u0131r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, \u0130SO 9001:2008 Beyn\u0259lxalq Standatlar\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 cavab ver\u0259n Keyfiyy\u0259tin \u0130dar\u0259edilm\u0259si Sisteminin qurulmas\u0131 v\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131nmas\u0131 Azneft \u0130B \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. Keyfiyy\u0259tin \u0130dar\u0259edilm\u0259si Sistemini t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259kl\u0259 \u0130B a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259c\u0259kdir:
\n\u2022 Keyfiyy\u0259t \u00fczr\u0259 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259sini;
\n\u2022 Keyfiyy\u0259t\u0259 Sadiqlik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 icra edilm\u0259sini;
\n\u2022 Personal\u0131n davaml\u0131 t\u0259limini v\u0259 ixtisaslar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131;
\n\u2022 M\u00fcvafiq i\u015f prosedurlar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 haz\u0131rlamaq, icra olunmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fm\u0259sini;
\n\u2022 B\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n v\u0259 prosesl\u0259rin effektiv, t\u0259krarlanmaya yol verm\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 icra olunmas\u0131n\u0131;
\n\u2022 H\u0259r bir \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fda daimi inki\u015faf v\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 ist\u0259yinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131.
\nKeyfiyy\u0259t Siyas\u0259tinin m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, bu Siyas\u0259tin m\u0259zmunu v\u0259 Keyfiyy\u0259tin \u0130dar\u0259edilm\u0259si Sisteminin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri Azneft \u0130stehsalat Birliyinin b\u00fct\u00fcn personal\u0131na bildiril\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 onlar\u0131n icra olunmas\u0131 h\u0259r bir \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131n m\u0259sulliyy\u0259ti olacaqd\u0131r. Keyfiyy\u0259t Siyas\u0259tinin icra olunmas\u0131nda h\u0259r bir \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131n t\u0259klifi v\u0259 konstruktiv t\u0259nqidi n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nacaq v\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndiril\u0259c\u0259kdir.
\nKeyfiyy\u0259tin \u0130dar\u0259edilm\u0259si Sisteminin t\u0259\u015fkil olunmas\u0131 Azneft \u0130B-in fundamental prinsipi oldu\u011fundan bu i\u015fd\u0259n yay\u0131nmalara he\u00e7 bir g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft edilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdir.
\n3. Azneft \u0130stehsalat Birliyinin Ekoloji Siyas\u0259ti, \u018ftraf m\u00fchitin qorunmas\u0131, ekoloji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik v\u0259 t\u0259bii ehtiyatlardan s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 onun praktiki f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin \u00fcmumi istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259kdir.
\n\u2022 Ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259n miras qalm\u0131\u015f ekoloji probleml\u0259rin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259lli yollar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k v\u0259 onlar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini aradan qald\u0131rmq;
\n\u2022 \u018ftraf m\u00fchitin qorunmas\u0131 v\u0259 ekoloji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sas f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin b\u00fct\u00fcn istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ltm\u0259k;
\n\u2022 Ekoloji qaydalar\u0131n v\u0259 standartlar\u0131n t\u0259tbiqin\u0259 nail olmaq;
\n\u2022 ARDN\u015e\u2013in obyektl\u0259rind\u0259, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 \u00e7oxt\u0259r\u0259fli m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yeni layih\u0259l\u0259ri h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259rk\u0259n \u0259traf m\u00fchitin qorunmas\u0131 v\u0259 ekoloji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin Ekoloji Siyas\u0259t\u0259, \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259y\u0259 \u0259saslanmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k;
\n\u2022 \u018fsas strateji v\u0259zif\u0259 kimi y\u00fcks\u0259k ekoloji v\u0259 sosial n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259n layih\u0259l\u0259rin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259sini yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259k.
\nAzneft \u0130stehsalat Birliyinin Ekoloji Siyas\u0259ti, \u0259traf m\u00fchitin qorunmas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259bii ehtiyyatlardan s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 onun niyy\u0259tini, ekoloji t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini t\u0259min ed\u0259n prioritet v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259lli strategiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259ks etdirir. O ekologiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 at\u0131lacaq b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6vb\u0259ti add\u0131mlar\u0131n istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rini, m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini, prioritet texniki v\u0259 texnoloji, t\u0259\u015fkilati v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir.<\/p>\n

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M\u00fc\u0259llif: D.\u018f.\u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259rov<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>NEFT V\u018f QAZ\u00a0 \u00c7IXARMA S\u018fNAYES\u0130ND\u018f \u00c7ALI\u015eAN \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130L\u018fR \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcN <\/strong>M\u018fLUMAT K\u0130TABI<\/strong><\/p>\n

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