{"id":5955,"date":"2020-12-22T23:02:08","date_gmt":"2020-12-22T19:02:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=5955"},"modified":"2020-12-22T23:03:24","modified_gmt":"2020-12-22T19:03:24","slug":"kabel-tipl%c9%99ri-m%c9%99qal%c9%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=5955","title":{"rendered":"Kabel Tipl\u0259ri (M\u0259qal\u0259)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kabel Tipl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif komp\u00fcter v\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 texnologiyalar\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunan kabel standartlar\u0131 haqda laz\u0131mi q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259lumat verilir. Veril\u0259n m\u0259lumatlar ox\u015far kabell\u0259rin bir-birind\u0259n n\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259ndikl\u0259rini v\u0259 hans\u0131 \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 hans\u0131 kabelin daha uy\u011fun oldu\u011fu kimi suallar\u0131 tam \u0259hat\u0259 edir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu kabell\u0259rin \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilk yarad\u0131lan n\u00f6vl\u0259rind\u0259n, m\u00fcasirl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n siyah\u0131 var.
\n\uf0b7 Koaksial Kabel (Coaxial Cable)<\/strong><\/em>
\n\uf0b7 RG-8<\/strong><\/em>
\n\uf0b7 RG-6 (\u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunmasa da bilm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131)<\/strong><\/em>
\n\uf0b7 RG-58<\/strong><\/em>
\n\uf0b7 Dolanm\u0131\u015f C\u00fct Kabel (Twisted Pair Cable)<\/strong><\/em>
\n\uf0b7 Qorunan \u00d6rt\u00fckl\u00fc Dolanm\u0131\u015f C\u00fct (Shielded Twisted Pair-STP)<\/strong><\/em>
\n\uf0b7 Qorunmayan \u00d6rt\u00fcks\u00fcz Dolanm\u0131\u015f C\u00fct (Unshielded Twisted Pair-UTP)<\/strong><\/em>
\n\uf0b7 UTP Kabelinin Kateqoriyalar\u0131<\/strong><\/em>
\n\uf0b7 Fiber Optik Kabel (Fiber Optic Cable)<\/strong><\/em>
\n\uf0b7 Fiber tipl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Koaksial Kabel (Coaxial Cable)<\/strong> – Koaksial v\u0259 ya q\u0131saca “koaks” kabel, m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n sim (D), kabelin \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u0259 bir plastik t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259 (C), onun \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 tor \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 qoruma teli (B), \u0259n \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u0259 yum\u015faq rezin \u00e7\u00f6l \u00f6rt\u00fck (A) olur. Koaksial kabel elektromaqnit qar\u0131\u015f\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan m\u00fchitd\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u00fccd\u0259 siqnallar\u0131 \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir kabeldir. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 informasiya radio siqnallar\u0131na \u00e7evrilir v\u0259 dal\u011favar\u0131 sinusoid formas\u0131nda dig\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u018fg\u0259r \u0259sas m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259ki simin \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131q olarsa o zaman informasiya g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259nd\u0259 getdiyi yol boyunca itkiy\u0259 m\u0259ruz qala bil\u0259r. Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 sim \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 plastik \u00f6rt\u00fck oldu\u011funu v\u0259 onun da \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 tor \u015f\u0259killi qoruyucu il\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdim. Plastik \u00f6rt\u00fck informasiya dal\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n sabit \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini t\u0259min edir. Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 qoruyucu rolunu oynayan tor sim maqnetik m\u0259kanlarda \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259 dal\u011falar\u0131na mane ola bil\u0259c\u0259k maqnetik dal\u011falardan qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Koaksial kabel \u00e7ox geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunmaqdad\u0131r. \u018fsas\u0259n s\u0259s v\u0259 video siqnallar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259sind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur. \u00c7ox f\u0259rqli formalarda qar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131xa bil\u0259r. Ancaq komp\u00fcter \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 indiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r istifad\u0259 olunan iki tip koaksial kabel vard\u0131r: RG-8 v\u0259 RG-58. Koaksial kabel tipl\u0259ri \u00f6zl\u0259ri RG kodlar\u0131na sahibdir. Kabel m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir uzunluqda maqnetik elektrik ax\u0131m\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 dura bilir. Koaksial kabell\u0259r \u00e7\u00f6ld\u0259n bax\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir-birl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7ox b\u0259nz\u0259yirl\u0259r, ancaq kabel\u0259 daha yax\u0131ndan baxanda \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 RG kodunu v\u0259 om g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. Komp\u00fcter \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn koaksial kabelin omeqa d\u0259y\u0259ri “50 ” v\u0259 ya “75” \u015f\u0259kilind\u0259 \u201com\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130ndi komp\u00fcter d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259dilmi\u015f koaksial kabel tipl\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259k.<\/p>\n

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\nRG-8<\/strong> – RG-8 v\u0259 ya Thicknet(qal\u0131n tor) kabel ethernetin ilk istifad\u0259 etdiyi kabel tipidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259 bu kabeli istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n bir \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 tapmaq h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n \u00e7\u0259tindir. Sonradan i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n kabell\u0259rd\u0259 r\u0259ng h\u0259ddinin qoyulmas\u0131 yox ik\u0259n bu kabell\u0259rd\u0259 r\u0259ngl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0259n sar\u0131, porta\u011fal, q\u0259hv\u0259 r\u0259ngi v\u0259 2.5 metrd\u0259n bir qara r\u0259ngli bantla i\u015far\u0259 edilmi\u015f formada istehsal edilirdi. 50\u03a9 d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259 olan bu kabel ad\u0131na yara\u015fan \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qal\u0131n v\u0259 m\u00fcqavim\u0259tli idi.<\/p>\n

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\nRG-6<\/strong> – RG-6 75 \u03a9 komp\u00fcter \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 he\u00e7 bir zaman istifad\u0259 olunmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ancaq g\u00fcnl\u00fck h\u0259yatda \u00e7ox tez-tez qar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Televizorlara gir\u0259n antena kabeli RG-6-d\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f olaraq RG-58 il\u0259 eynidir. Kabel \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki om d\u0259y\u0259ri 75 \u03a9 yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131rsa onun hans\u0131 kabel oldu\u011funu t\u0259yin etm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

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RG-58<\/strong> – Hal-haz\u0131rda qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fa bil\u0259c\u0259yiniz t\u0259k koaksial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 kabeli RG-58-dir. Dig\u0259r adlar\u0131 Thinnet (inc\u0259 tor) v\u0259 Cheaper net (ucuz tor)-dir. 50 \u03a9 d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259 olan bu kabel RG-8-\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ucuz, istifad\u0259si d\u0259 asand\u0131r. UTP yaranana q\u0259d\u0259r yerli \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

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\nDolanm\u0131\u015f C\u00fct Kabel (Twisted Pair Cable)<\/strong> – Yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259n indiy\u0259d\u0259k \u0259n yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 kabeli tipidir. Bir-birin\u0259 dolanm\u0131\u015f c\u00fctl\u0259r hal\u0131nda olan v\u0259 telefon kabelin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r bir kabeldir. \u0130ki tip TP (Twisted Pair) kabel m\u00f6vcuddur.<\/p>\n

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\nQorunan \u00d6rt\u00fckl\u00fc Dolanm\u0131\u015f C\u00fct (Shielded Twisted Pair-STP)<\/strong> – Bu tip kabeld\u0259 dolanm\u0131\u015f tel c\u00fctl\u0259ri koaksial kabeld\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi metal bir qoruma t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si il\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. TP kabell\u0259r ilk istifad\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtlardan (b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 koaksialdan ke\u00e7id d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259) STP kabel UTP-y\u0259 nisb\u0259td\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir. \u018fn \u00e7\u00f6ld\u0259ki metal qoruma t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si elektromaqnetik m\u0259kanlarda h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n kabel i\u00e7ind\u0259ki siqnal\u0131n pozulmas\u0131na mane olmas\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259nilirdi. Ancaq STP-nin bahal\u0131 olmas\u0131 onun yay\u0131lmas\u0131na mane olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

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K\u00f6hn\u0259 qaynaqlarda STP-nin UTP il\u0259 m\u00fcqais\u0259d\u0259 daha bahal\u0131, amma STP-nin maqnetik m\u0259kanlarda UTP-y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 daha inaml\u0131 kabel oldu\u011fu bildirilir. Bu g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 bir \u00e7ox qaynaqda is\u0259 STP-nin qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0259tin oldu\u011fundan v\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259ndiyi q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k qoruma il\u0259 t\u0259min etm\u0259diyind\u0259n s\u00f6z gedir. H\u0259tta d\u00fczg\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha pis n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yol a\u00e7a bil\u0259c\u0259yind\u0259n b\u0259hs edilir. STP istifad\u0259 edil\u0259nd\u0259 diqq\u0259t edilm\u0259si g\u0259r\u0259kli \u0259n \u00f6n\u0259mli n\u00f6qt\u0259, \u00e7\u00f6ld\u0259ki metal qoruman\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 torpaqlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fks halda qoruma elektromaqnit dal\u011falar\u0131 toplayan bir antena v\u0259zif\u0259sini g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Qoruma kabelinin he\u00e7 bir n\u00f6qt\u0259sind\u0259n z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259mi\u015f olmas\u0131 da \u00e7ox \u00f6n\u0259mlidir. \u018fn \u00e7\u00f6ld\u0259ki qoruma il\u0259 torpaqlama m\u0259lumat\u0131n ke\u00e7diyi b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 davaml\u0131 olaraq t\u0259krarlanmas\u0131 da \u00e7ox \u00f6n\u0259mlidir. STP kabel Token Ring \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur, ancaq Ethernet \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ist\u0259nilm\u0259y\u0259n bir kabel tipidir.<\/p>\n

Qorunmayan \u00d6rt\u00fcks\u00fcz Dolanm\u0131\u015f C\u00fct (Unshielded Twisted Pair-UTP)<\/strong> – Bu g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n UTP bir-birin\u0259 dolanm\u0131\u015f c\u00fctl\u0259r hal\u0131nda v\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7\u00f6ld\u0259 d\u0259 plastik bir qorumas\u0131 olan kabell\u0259rdir. Kabelin i\u00e7ind\u0259 kabelin dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaq v\u0259 laz\u0131m olduqda \u00e7\u00f6ld\u0259ki plastik \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc rahatca s\u0131y\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn neylon bir ip m\u00f6vcuddur. Tel c\u00fctl\u0259rinin bir-birin\u0259 dolanm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 h\u0259m \u00f6z aralar\u0131nda, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6l m\u00fchitind\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fa bil\u0259c\u0259yi siqnal pozulmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir t\u0259dbirdir.<\/p>\n

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\nKabel i\u00e7ind\u0259ki tell\u0259r c\u00fctl\u0259r hal\u0131nda bir-birin\u0259 dolanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259r c\u00fct\u00fcn bir \u0259sas r\u0259ngi, bir d\u0259 “a\u011f” olan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi \u0259sas r\u0259ngl\u0259r porta\u011fal r\u0259ngi (turuncu), mavi, ya\u015f\u0131l v\u0259 q\u0259hv\u0259 r\u0259ngind\u0259dir. \u018fsas r\u0259ngl\u0259r\u0259 sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan a\u011f tell\u0259r, sar\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu r\u0259ngl\u0259 eyni r\u0259ng\u0259 sahib oldu\u011funu bildirir. Bel\u0259c\u0259 porta\u011fal r\u0259ngi(turuncu), porta\u011fal r\u0259ngi(turuncu)-a\u011f, mavi, mavi-a\u011f, ya\u015f\u0131l, ya\u015f\u0131l-a\u011f, q\u0259hv\u0259yi, q\u0259hv\u0259yi-a\u011f olmaq \u00fczr\u0259 8 f\u0259rqli r\u0259ngd\u0259 v\u0259 4 qrupda toplanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck.
\nB\u0259z\u0259n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kabeld\u0259 r\u0259ngl\u0259rin bir az sol\u011fun, h\u0259tta d\u0259yi\u015fik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. B\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 a\u011f kabell\u0259rin tamam x\u0259tsiz (zolaqs\u0131z) olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancaq keyfiyy\u0259tli CAT5 (v\u0259 ya yuxar\u0131) kabell\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n problem \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131r. H\u0259r bir ikinci (sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f) tel \u0259sas tel\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq r\u0259ngl\u0259nir.<\/p>\n

Kabel standartlar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Cat 1<\/strong>: Hal-haz\u0131rda TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) \/ EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131r. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r telefon POTS (Plain old telephone service), ISDN v\u0259 qap\u0131 z\u0259ngi kabell\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilirdi.
\nCat 2<\/strong>: Hal-haz\u0131rda TIA\/EIA t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131r. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r 4 Mbit\/s Token Ring \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunurdu.
\nCat 3<\/strong>: Hal-haz\u0131rda TIA\/EIA-568-B t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul olunur, 16 MHz s\u00fcr\u0259tind\u0259ki \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur. 10 Mbit\/s Ethernet \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131 il\u0259 populyard\u0131r.
\nCat 4<\/strong>: Hal-haz\u0131rda TIA\/EIA t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131r. 20 MHz s\u00fcr\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259ti var v\u0259 16 Mbit\/s Token Ring \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Cat 5<\/strong>: Hal-haz\u0131rda TIA\/EIA t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131r. 100 MHz s\u00fcr\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259ti var v\u0259 100 Mbit\/s Ethernet \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uy\u011fun deyildir.
\nCat 5e<\/strong>: Hal-haz\u0131rda TIA\/EIA-568-B t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul olunur. 100 MHz s\u00fcr\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259ti var. 100 Mbit\/s v\u0259 Gigabit Ethernet \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur.
\nCat 6<\/strong>: Hal-haz\u0131rda TIA\/EIA-568-B t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul olunur. 250 MHz s\u00fcr\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259ti var. 5 v\u0259 5e-d\u0259n daha g\u00fccl\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\nCat 6a<\/strong>: 10 Gbit\/s \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kabel standart\u0131d\u0131r(haz\u0131rlanmaqdad\u0131r).
\nCat 7<\/strong>: ISO\/IEC 11801 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qeyri-r\u0259smi add\u0131r. Class F kabell\u0259m\u0259 sinifi. Bu standart individuald\u0131r v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi hallarda istifad\u0259 olunur. 600 MHz s\u00fcr\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259ti var.
\nKomp\u00fcter \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 10 Mbit Ethernet vaxtlar\u0131nda CAT3 kabel \u00e7ox geni\u015f istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

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\n100 Mbit Ethernetin inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si il\u0259 CAT5 kabell\u0259r istehsala ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunmaqdad\u0131r.
\nCAT3 v\u0259 CAT5 bir-birin\u0259 \u00e7ox b\u0259nz\u0259yirl\u0259r. Ancaq h\u0259r kabelin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 kateqoriyas\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Kabelin kateqoriyas\u0131 onun keyfiyy\u0259tini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Ke\u00e7iril\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif testl\u0259r il\u0259 kabelin g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 elektrik siqnallar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r sa\u011flam v\u0259 az itki il\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi, maqnit m\u00fchitind\u0259 siqnal\u0131 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qoruya bildiyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Testl\u0259r il\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r kateqoriyan\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259tini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Qoyulan kriteriyalara cavab ver\u0259n kabel kateqoriyan\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 alma\u011fa haqq qazan\u0131r. CAT5 il\u0259 100 Mbit s\u00fcr\u0259tind\u0259 m\u0259lumat\u0131 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. Bir sonrak\u0131 standart CAT5e (Enhanced CAT5, inki\u015faf etdirilmi\u015f CAT5) standart\u0131d\u0131r. CAT5e CAT5 il\u0259 eyni qurulu\u015fdad\u0131r, amma daha keyfiyy\u0259tli kabeldir. CAT5e il\u0259 gigabit s\u00fcr\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7atmaq olar. Gigabit ethernet-d\u0259 CAT5 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, amma CAT5e daha \u00e7ox m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

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\nCAT6-da da eyni v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n s\u00f6z gedir. CAT5e-d\u0259n d\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7ata bil\u0259n bir kateqoriyada yer alan kabeldir. CAT6 hal haz\u0131rda 568A standart\u0131na \u0259lav\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Y\u0259ni r\u0259smi istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir. 1000Mhz s\u00fcr\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, gigabit ethernet \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n uy\u011fun kabeldir. G\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcz kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 d\u0259 el\u0259 bir f\u0259rq yoxdur. CAT6a is\u0259 \u0259sil ad\u0131 “Augmented(\u00e7oxald\u0131m\u0131\u015f, art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f)- Category 6”- adlan\u0131r. 10 Gigabit Ethernet \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulub. 1 f\u0259rq daha \u00e7ox n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arp\u0131r, aralar\u0131ndak\u0131 Seperator(ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131).<\/p>\n

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\nCAT7 h\u0259l\u0259 ki inki\u015faf v\u0259 test m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259dir. Dig\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u0259ksin\u0259 f\u0259rqli bir qurulu\u015fu olacaqd\u0131r. H\u0259r tel c\u00fct metal qoruma \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc il\u0259 sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ham\u0131s\u0131 bird\u0259n dig\u0259r bir metal qoruma \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc il\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259kdir. CAT7 RJ-45-d\u0259n tamam\u0259n f\u0259rqli bir jak konnektor(birl\u0259\u015fdirici ba\u015fl\u0131q) istifad\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259kdir.
\nUTP kabel il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 dig\u0259r bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 is\u0259 “stranded” v\u0259 “solid” kabel f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilm\u0259sidir. Y\u0259ni \u00e7ox damarl\u0131 stranded v\u0259 t\u0259k damarl\u0131 solid kabel adlan\u0131r. Conductor-naqil, Single-t\u0259k dem\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

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\nFiber Optik Kabel<\/strong><\/h4>\n

1966-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Charles Kao ve George Hockham \u015f\u00fc\u015f\u0259 fiber \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n m\u0259lumat g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259nin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu fikrini ortaya atd\u0131lar. Fiber test edildi v\u0259 fiber \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n itm\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259si \u00e7ox a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilindi. Ba\u015fqalar\u0131na nisb\u0259td\u0259 ondan istifad\u0259 daha s\u0259rf\u0259li idi. Fiber UTP kabell\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u00fcr\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 uzun m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259lumat \u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259 bilirdi. Bu m\u0259saf\u0259 repeater (t\u0259krarlay\u0131c\u0131(g\u00fccl\u0259ndirici)) istifad\u0259 olunmadan 2 km-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0131xa bilirdi. UTP kabell\u0259rd\u0259 bu m\u0259saf\u0259 100 m m\u0259saf\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r idi. Fiber-in y\u00fcng\u00fcl v\u0259 inc\u0259 qurulu\u015fu UTP kabel istifad\u0259 etm\u0259nin \u00e7\u0259tin oldu\u011fu m\u0259kanlarda istifad\u0259 olunurdu. Fiber-in bir ba\u015fqa \u00f6n\u0259mliliyi d\u0259 fiber-in elektromaqnit m\u0259kanlarda he\u00e7 bir \u00e7\u0259tinliy\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalmama\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki fiber kabeld\u0259n elektrik deyil, i\u015f\u0131q vasit\u0259si il\u0259 m\u0259lumat\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilir. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 elektrik maqnit sah\u0259si olan yerl\u0259rd\u0259 rahat i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bilir. Binalar aras\u0131nda torpaq x\u0259ttind\u0259ki f\u0259rq problemi fiber \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn problem yaratm\u0131r. Fiber kimy\u0259vi fabrikl\u0259r, yaranan ki\u00e7ik elektrik ax\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n partlay\u0131\u015fa s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259c\u0259yi \u015f\u0259rait \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 ideald\u0131r. Son olaraq UTP v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r kabell\u0259rin \u0259ksin\u0259, fiber kabeld\u0259n m\u0259lumat o\u011furlamaq \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tindir. Fiber-in \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259lveri\u015fsizliyi qiym\u0259ti v\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0259tin olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Fiber tipl\u0259ri<\/strong> – B\u00fct\u00fcn fiber texnologiyalar\u0131 m\u0259lumat alma v\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn fiberi c\u00fctl\u0259r hal\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunurlar. \u0130stehsal\u00e7\u0131lar fiber kabell\u0259rini bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 istehsal edirl\u0259r. \u018fn yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fiber kabel 62.5\/125 mikron metr\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

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\nFiber kabeld\u0259 normal i\u015f\u0131q v\u0259 ya lazer istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r. Bu iki tip fiber tamam f\u0259rqli t\u0259chizatdan istifad\u0259 edir. \u0130\u015f\u0131q siqnallar\u0131 yollamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn LED (Ligth Emitting Diot) istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n fiber tipi multimode adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fiber kabel tipidir. Lazer i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n single mode fiber \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259lumat \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik olsa da bahal\u0131 t\u0259chizat istifad\u0259 etdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox yay\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\u201cKomp\u00fcter Texnikas\u0131n\u0131n \u018fsaslar\u0131\u201d t\u0259dris v\u0259saiti<\/span><\/h4>\n

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