{"id":5973,"date":"2020-12-23T22:25:03","date_gmt":"2020-12-23T18:25:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=5973"},"modified":"2020-12-23T22:25:36","modified_gmt":"2020-12-23T18:25:36","slug":"xarici-yaddas-qurgulari-m%c9%99qal%c9%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=5973","title":{"rendered":"XAR\u0130C\u0130 YADDA\u015e QUR\u011eULARI (M\u0259qal\u0259)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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XAR\u0130C\u0130 YADDA\u015e QUR\u011eULARI<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Xarici yadda\u015f qur\u011fular\u0131 informasiyan\u0131n uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t saxlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n qur\u011fulard\u0131r. Bu qur\u011fular infor- masiyan\u0131n saxlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn enerjid\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 deyil. Komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259 xarici yadda\u015f kimi s\u0259rt diskd\u0259n, diskd\u0259n, fl\u0259\u015fd\u0259n, optiki diskl\u0259rd\u0259n, maqnit lentl\u0259rind\u0259n, maqnit kartlar\u0131ndan \u00a0v\u0259 \u00a0s. istifad\u0259 olunur. Xarici yadda\u015fa b\u0259z\u0259n informasiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 da deyilir. \u018fm\u0259li yadda\u015fdan f\u0259rqli olaraq bu yadda\u015flardak\u0131 infor- masiya komp\u00fcter elektrik \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259n ayr\u0131ld\u0131qda silinmir. \u0130n- formasiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131nda informasiyan\u0131n uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t saxlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maqnit \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u00fc materiallardan v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u00fcsullardan istifad\u0259<\/p>\n

olunur. B\u00f6y\u00fck komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259 maqnit lenti v\u0259 maqnit diski infor- masiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kimi geni\u015f t\u0259tbiq edilir. Maqnit lentin\u0259 informfasiya ard\u0131c\u0131l \u00fcsulla yaz\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 oxunur.<\/p>\n

Perfokartlar uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t komp\u00fcter d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda veril\u0259n- l\u0259rin saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas qur\u011fu olub. Perfokart lat\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr, perforo – d\u0259lir\u0259m, charta – papirus v\u0259r\u0259qi, ka\u011f\u0131z dem\u0259kdir. Nazik kartondan haz\u0131rlanan perfokart informasiyan\u0131 kart\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u00f6vqel\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259likl\u0259rin olub-olmamas\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259qdim edilir.<\/p>\n

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IBM \u015firk\u0259ti 1949-cu ild\u0259\u00a0 veril\u0259nl\u0259rin saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni qur\u011fu haz\u0131rlama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 1952-ci il may ay\u0131n\u0131n 21-d\u0259 IBM-701 seriyal\u0131 komp\u00fcterl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn IBM-726 lent da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 modulunu t\u0259qdim ediir.<\/p>\n

1956-ci il sentyabr ay\u0131n\u0131n 13-d\u0259 ilk IBM \u015firk\u0259ti s\u0259rt diski (IBM 305) t\u0259qdim ediir. 1 tona (971 kq) yax\u0131n \u00e7\u0259kisi olan s\u0259rt disk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 iri \u015fkaf\u0131 xat\u0131rlad\u0131rd\u0131. Perfokart v\u0259 maqnit lentl\u0259rinin istifad\u0259 olundu\u011fu bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 5 milyon simvolu (5 MB) yadda\u015fda saxlayan s\u0259rt diskin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck nailiyy\u0259t idi. S\u0259rt disk RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control) adlan\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 IBM-in San-Xose \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259ki \u00a0laboratoriyas\u0131nda \u00a0haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u00a0Qiym\u0259ti \u00a050 \u00a0min dollar idi. 1 mbayt\u0131n qiym\u0259ti 10 min dollara b\u0259rab\u0259r idi. S\u0259rt disk 35 min dollara\u00a0 (o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 bu qiym\u0259t 17 minik avtomobilinin qiym\u0259tin\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r idi!) icar\u0259y\u0259 verilirdi.<\/p>\n

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S\u0259rt disk daxilind\u0259 50 \u0259d\u0259d 24 d\u00fcym (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 61 sm) diametr\u0259 malik plastin yerl\u0259\u015firdi, oxuyan ba\u015fl\u0131q 1 \u0259d\u0259d oldu\u011fundan diskin i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 sur\u0259ti \u00e7ox l\u0259ng idi. Yen\u0259 d\u0259 Ronald Conson t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f dig\u0259r modeld\u0259 is\u0259 (IBM 1301) h\u0259r 1 plastind\u0259 ayr\u0131ca oxuyan ba\u015fl\u0131q var idi, bu da s\u0259rt diskin sur\u0259tini art\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. S\u0259rt diskl\u0259r \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 (b\u00f6y\u00fck yer tuturdu) bir \u00e7ox ill\u0259r daha \u00e7ox elmi m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin, iri \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin komp\u00fcter laboratoriyalar\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunub.<\/p>\n

1980-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Seagate Technology ST- 506 – 5 MB yadda\u015fa malik ilk 5 d\u00fcyml\u00fc s\u0259rt diski t\u0259qdim edir. Bundan sonra is\u0259 s\u0259rt diskl\u0259r f\u0259rdi komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n \u0259sas qur\u011fulardan birin\u0259 \u00e7evrilib.<\/p>\n

“Vin\u00e7ester” ad\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131<\/strong>
\nVersiyalardan\u00a0 \u00a0birin\u0259\u00a0 \u00a0g\u00f6r\u0259\u00a0 \u00a0da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 \u00a0IBM\u00a0 \u00a0firmas\u0131nda<\/p>\n

\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, layih\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259ri Kennet Hoton (ing. Kenneth E. Haughton) “Vin\u00e7ester” (ing. Winchester) adland\u0131r\u0131b. 1973-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq b\u00fct\u00f6v korpusda disk l\u00f6vh\u0259l\u0259rini v\u0259\u00a0 maqnit ba\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n modeli 3340 olan s\u0259rt disk istehsal olunub. Diskin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 m\u00fch\u0259ndisl\u0259r “30-30” ifad\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edibl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Bu da h\u0259r biri 30 MB olan 2 modul (maksimal t\u0259rtibat \u00fczr\u0259) dem\u0259k idi. “30-30” is\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 “30 WCF” t\u00fcf\u0259ng patronu istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur ov t\u00fcf\u0259ngi – “Winchester Model 1894”-\u00fcn ad\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259mah\u0259ng s\u0259sl\u0259nirdi.<\/p>\n

S\u0259rt diskl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131ndak\u0131 naliyy\u0259tl\u0259r<\/strong><\/p>\n

1983-c\u00fc ild\u0259 original IBM XT komp\u00fcterind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n s\u0259rt diskd\u0259 veril\u0259nl\u0259rin \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259ti 100 Kbayt\/s olub. Bu g\u00fcn is\u0259 s\u0259rt diskl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti Serial ATA interfeysi il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir. Bu interfeysd\u0259 veril\u0259nl\u0259rin \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259ti xeyli art\u0131b. S\u0259rt maqnit diskl\u0259rd\u0259 onlar\u0131n tutumu kimi, interfeysin s\u00fcr\u0259ti d\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin daim art\u0131r, h\u0259r \u015fey is\u0259 MFM v\u0259 RLL interfeysl\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flan\u0131b. Onlar 1980-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Hal-haz\u0131rda Parallel ATA (133 Mbayt\/s-a q\u0259d\u0259r), Serial ATA (150 v\u0259 ya 300 Mbayt\/s), SAS (600 Mbayt\/s-a q\u0259d\u0259r) v\u0259 SCSI (320 Mbayt\/s-a q\u0259d\u0259r) interfeysl\u0259ri geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131b. \u0130nterfeysl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131 onlar\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lardan daha s\u00fcr\u0259tlidirl\u0259r. Bu, o dem\u0259kdir ki, veril\u0259nl\u0259rin \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259ti interfeys t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n deyil, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u0259rt diskl\u0259rd\u0259 veril\u0259nl\u0259r oxuma\/yazma \u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 oxunur v\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Veril\u0259nl\u0259r l\u00f6vh\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 konsentrik \u00e7evr\u0259l\u0259r \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r ki, bu da c\u0131\u011f\u0131r adlan\u0131r. H\u0259r bir c\u0131\u011f\u0131r is\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 sektordan ibar\u0259t olur.<\/p>\n

S\u0259rt diskd\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 l\u00f6vh\u0259 (platters) olur v\u0259 veril\u0259nl\u0259r onlar\u0131n h\u0259r 2 t\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Bir \u00e7ox da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131larda 2 v\u0259 \u00a0ya \u00a03 \u00a0l\u00f6vh\u0259 \u00a0var, \u00a0lakin \u00a012 \u00a0l\u00f6vh\u0259y\u0259 \u00a0malik \u00a0PC \u00a0da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 (Seagate Barracuda 180) da olur.<\/p>\n

Tipik s\u0259rt diskl\u0259rin \u0259sas komponentl\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lard\u0131r: <\/strong><\/p>\n

I Disk l\u00f6vh\u0259l\u0259ri;<\/p>\n

I Oxuma\/yazma ba\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131;<\/p>\n

I Ba\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131n m\u00f6vqeyini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n mexanizm; I \u015epindel m\u00fch\u0259rriki;<\/p>\n

I Elektron l\u00f6vh\u0259;<\/p>\n

I Kabel v\u0259 konnektorlar;<\/p>\n

I Konfiqurasiya elementl\u0259ri (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u00e7eviricil\u0259r – jumpers).<\/p>\n

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S\u0259rt diskl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar sektor (sector) v\u0259 c\u0131\u011f\u0131r (track) ad\u0131 veril\u0259n b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. M\u0259lumatlar bu sah\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil olunur. S\u0259rt disk \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 c\u0131\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 sektorlar\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259b verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Sektorlar disk \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00fcnvanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259n \u0259n ki\u00e7ik hiss\u0259l\u0259rdir. 256 v\u0259 ya 512 bayt kimi sabit geni\u015flikl\u0259rd\u0259 informasiya saxlay\u0131rlar. \u018fsas\u0259n 512 bayt olaraq istifad\u0259 edilir.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259li formatla\u015fd\u0131rma \u00a0(Low-Level \u00a0formatting) il\u0259 c\u0131\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 sektorlar t\u0259\u015fkil olunur. H\u0259r sektorun ba\u015flama v\u0259 bitm\u0259 n\u00f6qt\u0259si diskd\u0259ki s\u0259thl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259li formatla\u015fd\u0131rma (High-Level formatting) il\u0259 sektorlarda Fayl Yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 C\u0259dv\u0259li (File Allocation Table \u2013 FAT) yarad\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Format b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259rin fayllar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlar\u0131,\u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteminin anlayaca\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi \u015f\u0259kil\u0259(formaya) salmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00c7oxlar\u0131 format etm\u0259yi silm\u0259k kimi anlay\u0131r,amma bu \u0259slind\u0259 tam da bel\u0259 deyil.Format fayl sistemini yarad\u0131b,onun oturaca\u011f\u0131 kataloqu \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir.Format m\u0259ntiqi olaraq fayl depolama c\u0259rg\u0259sini \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir.Bu fayl sistemi adlan\u0131r.Bir \u00e7ox fayl sisteml\u0259ri vard\u0131r v\u0259 bu sisteml\u0259rin m\u0259qs\u0259di<\/p>\n

disk \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki fayllar\u0131n orqaniz\u0259 etm\u0259kdir.Y\u0259ni \u018fm\u0259liyyat sisteminin disk \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 fayllar\u0131n izl\u0259rini tapmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etdiyi bir \u00fcsuldur.Windowsa aid olan fayl sisteml\u0259ri bunlard\u0131r. NTFS, FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, CDFS, UDF v\u0259 s. -dir.<\/p>\n

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FAT (File Allocation Table \u2013 Fayl Yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 C\u0259dv\u0259li) \u2013 \u0259sas fayl sisteml\u0259rind\u0259ndir. \u0130ll\u0259rdir MS-DOS \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r istifad\u0259 edilir. Haz\u0131rda da geni\u015f olaraq Windows v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteml\u0259rinin bazas\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunmaqdad\u0131r. Bu fayl sistemind\u0259 fayl m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn fayl yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 c\u0259dv\u0259ll\u0259ri tutulur.<\/p>\n

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FAT fayl sistemi \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil olunur:<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 FAT12 \u2013 12 bit fayl sistemidir. \u018fsas\u0259n elastik disk v\u0259 \u00e7ox ki\u00e7ik h\u0259cmli s\u0259rt diskl\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilir;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 FAT16 \u2013 16 bit fayl sistemidir. \u018fski DOS il\u0259 uy\u011funluq t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteml\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilir;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 FAT32 \u2013 haz\u0131rda da geni\u015f olaraq istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n 32 bit fayl sistemidir.<\/p>\n

HPFS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (High\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Performance\u00a0\u00a0 File\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 System\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0\u00a0 Y\u00fcks\u0259k M\u0259hsuldarl\u0131ql\u0131 Fayl Sistemi) \u2013 OS\/2 \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n v\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n bir fayl sistemidir. \u0130lk \u00e7\u0131xan NT \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi d\u0259 HPFS fayl sistemini istifad\u0259 edirdi. \u018fsas olaraq FAT il\u0259 NT fayl sisteml\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirir. Bu fayl sistemind\u0259 256 simvola q\u0259d\u0259r fayl ad\u0131 veril\u0259 bil\u0259r. Ayr\u0131ca 8 Gb-y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0259rt disk b\u00f6lm\u0259si t\u0259yin edil\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

NTFS (New Technology File System \u2013 Yeni Fayl Sistemi Texnologiyas\u0131) \u2013 ilk olaraq Windows NT \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi il\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n yeni v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc bir fayl sistemidir. Etibarl\u0131l\u0131q, sa\u011flaml\u0131q, daha geni\u015f sah\u0259 istifad\u0259si, s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rma, Macintosh d\u0259st\u0259yi, Netware d\u0259st\u0259yi kimi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri s\u0259b\u0259bil\u0259 \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259li bir fayl sistemidir. Haz\u0131rda Microsoft t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259n Windows \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemind\u0259 \u0259sas fayl sistemi olaraq istifad\u0259 edilir, eyni zamanda FAT16 v\u0259 FAT32-ni d\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yir.<\/p>\n

NTFS fayl sistemi fayl m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259qib etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn FAT fayl sistemind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi bir fayl yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 c\u0259dv\u0259li tutmaz. Onun yerin\u0259 fayl m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259nims\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 fayl bazas\u0131nda icaz\u0259l\u0259rin tutuldu\u011fu Master File Table ad\u0131nda c\u0259dv\u0259l tutulur. Bundan ba\u015fqa NTFS fayl pozulmalar\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fc-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259mir ed\u0259 bil\u0259n (repair) bir fayl sistemidir. Bu fayl sistemind\u0259 d\u0259 fayl\u0131n ad\u0131 255 simvol uzunlu\u011funda ola bil\u0259r, eyni zamanda n\u00f6qt\u0259 i\u015far\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 \u00e7ox sayda fayl geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si veril\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

FAT 32-nin \u0259sas \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc s\u00fcr\u0259tli olmas\u0131 v\u0259 daha az yadda\u015f t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259sidir. \u018fg\u0259r sistem yaln\u0131z FAT 32-d\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, bu zaman NTFS \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan drayverl\u0259r v\u0259 servisl\u0259r yadda\u015f\u0131 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. FAT 32-d\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan diskin h\u0259cmi 8 TB q\u0259d\u0259r ola bil\u0259r. Bir fayl\u0131n maksimum h\u0259cmi is\u0259 4 Gb. FAT 32 fraqmentasiyaya daha meyllidir (x\u00fcsusil\u0259 disk 80% dolduqdan sonra). Bu da diskin i\u015fini \u0259m\u0259lli \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Operativ yadda\u015fa olan t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Orta v\u0259 ki\u00e7ik h\u0259cmli fayllarla i\u015fin effektli olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Defraqmentasiyas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 utilitl\u0259rin olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u0259nfikl\u0259ri:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Sistem s\u0259hvl\u0259rind\u0259n m\u00fcdafi\u0259nin z\u0259ifliyi.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 B\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259cmli diskl\u0259rl\u0259 i\u015fin l\u0259ng olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Fraqmentasiya zaman\u0131 diskin i\u015finin l\u0259ngim\u0259si.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0 \u00c7oxlu fayl olan kataloqlarla z\u0259if i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259si.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0 Ki\u00e7ik h\u0259cmli klasterl\u0259ri d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259m\u0259si.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NTFS-in \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc is\u0259 onun t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyidir. NTFS sistemi FAT 32-y\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha gec da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, sistemd\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 prosses f\u0259aliyy\u0259td\u0259 olark\u0259n komp\u00fcterin s\u00f6nm\u0259si zaman\u0131 v\u0259 s. bu kimi hallarda NTFS daha d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr v\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 sistem s\u0259hvsiz b\u0259rpa oluna bilir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin NTFS-in \u00f6z \u015fifr\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259 sistemi var ki, bu da m\u0259lumat\u0131n saxlanmas\u0131nda arxay\u0131nl\u0131q yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Ki\u00e7ik h\u0259cmli fayllarla i\u015fin s\u00fcr\u0259tli olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 S\u0259hvl\u0259r zaman\u0131 sistemin rahatl\u0131qla b\u0259rpa olunmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 M\u0259lumat\u0131n effektli qorunmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0 B\u00f6y\u00fck informasiya massivl\u0259ri v\u0259 kataloqlarla i\u015fin s\u00fcr\u0259tli olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0 Klasterin h\u0259cmi \u00e7ox ki\u00e7ik t\u0259yin edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. M\u0259nfilikl\u0259ri:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0 Operativ yadda\u015fa t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n \u00e7ox olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Sistem ki\u00e7ik v\u0259 sad\u0259 b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn effektli deyil. (1 Gb- a q\u0259d\u0259r)<\/p>\n

3. Klasterl\u0259rin doldurulmas\u0131 alqoritmi ideal deyil v\u0259 fraqmentl\u0259nm\u0259kl\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nir.<\/p>\n

4. Adi \u00fcsullarla (Windows-daxili imkanlarla) defraqmen- tasiyan\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fcz olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, h\u0259r iki sistemin m\u0259nfilikl\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri var. Lakin, m\u00fcasir komp\u00fcter\u0259 sahib \u00a0olanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn NTFS-in bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u0259nfiliyini silm\u0259k olar. Dem\u0259k, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn komp\u00fcterin\u0259 sahib olan h\u0259r k\u0259s, sisteminin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn NTFS-d\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r NTFS qura\u015fd\u0131rmaq ist\u0259s\u0259niz, onu t\u0259miz disk\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131n v\u0259 ya vin\u00e7esteri birba\u015fa bu sistemd\u0259 formatlay\u0131n. FAT-da olan diski NTFS-\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259yin. Bu fayllar\u0131n g\u00fccl\u00fc fraqmentl\u0259nm\u0259si il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Elastiki maqnit diskl\u0259ri (FDD)<\/strong>
\nDisket, (ing. Floppy disk, ing. diskette) komp\u00fcterd\u0259ki m\u0259lumat\u0131 da\u015f\u0131maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n, \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259mir oksid \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir plastik (eastik) diskin, plastik bir qab i\u00e7\u0259risin\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f maqnetik \u00fcsulla informasiya saxlama m\u00fchitin\u0259 malik qur\u011fudur. Plastik diskin elastik olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259biyl\u0259 floppy ad\u0131 verilir, floppi disk v\u0259 ya disket kimi ifad\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0259t\u0259n ki\u00e7ik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rd\u0259ki fayllar\u0131n saxlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 bir komp\u00fcterd\u0259n dig\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn komp\u00fcterl\u0259rin oxucu qur\u011fusuna (diskovod) yerl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259r\u0259k istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n val formas\u0131nda maqnetik x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tli bir vasit\u0259dir. Disketl\u0259rd\u0259n, komp\u00fcterin sistem bloku \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 olan disket s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc il\u0259 informasiya \u00a0m\u00fcbadil\u0259si \u00a0apar\u0131l\u0131r. \u00a0M\u0259lumatlar \u00a0silin\u0259r\u0259k \u00a0disket \u00e7ind\u0259ki maqnetik yadda\u015f sah\u0259si t\u0259krar-t\u0259krar istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

USB Driverlar \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131qdan sonra art\u0131q Disket komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259 bir \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti qalmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk disket, 1960-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin sonunda ixtira edilib. \u0130lk vaxtlar bir ad\u0131 yoxidi. \u0130lk disketin diametri 8 d\u00fcym (200 mm) olmu\u015fdur. 1960-ci ill\u0259rin sonunda ixtira edils\u0259 d\u0259 disket ancaq 1971-ci ild\u0259 ticari olaraq istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b. \u0130lk kommersiya disketini IBM firmas\u0131 istehsal edib. Daha sonralar Memorex, Shugart Associates v\u0259 Burroughs Corporation kimi \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r disket istehsal\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kimi tan\u0131nma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131b. Disket termini 1970-ci ild\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131. 1980-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 disketl\u0259r\u0259 bir s\u0131ra yenilikl\u0259r g\u0259tirilib. Bir disket \u0259n \u00e7ox 5 d\u00fcym \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u0259 malik idi.O vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r orijinal disketl\u0259r 8 d\u00fcym diametr\u0259 malik idi v\u0259 \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck idil\u0259r. 1990-c\u0131 ill\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259 is\u0259 art\u0131q disketl\u0259r 2 d\u00fcym ki\u00e7ilib 3 d\u00fcym olmu\u015fdular. V\u0259 disketl\u0259r ilk d\u0259f\u0259 o zamanlar plastik materiallardan istehsal edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Disketl\u0259r, f\u0259rqli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc v\u0259 h\u0259cml\u0259r\u0259 malikdirl\u0259r. Bir disketin fiziki \u00f6l\u015f\u00fcs\u00fc bir k\u0259nar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcym olaraq uzunlu\u011fu il\u0259 hesablan\u0131r. Son ill\u0259r\u0259d\u0259k istifad\u0259si \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan disket n\u00f6v\u00fc 3,5 d\u00fcy\u00fcml\u00fck (3.5″) disketl\u0259r olmu\u015fdur. Ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 5,25 d\u00fcy\u00fcml\u00fck v\u0259 8 d\u00fcy\u00fcml\u00fck olanlar\u0131 da istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Disketl\u0259r informasiya saxlama tutumuna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 sinifl\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Disket tutumu sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00fcnc\u00fcnd\u0259 yaz\u0131lan DD v\u0259 HD h\u0259rfl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edil\u0259r\u0259k f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilir. DD (Double Density) disketl\u0259r 720 KB, HD (Hight Density) disketl\u0259r 1,44 MB-l\u0131q informasiya saxlama tutumuna malikdir.<\/p>\n

F\u0259rdi komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00a0disket n\u00f6vl\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir. Bunlardan ba\u015fqa Amiga Komp\u00fcterl\u0259ri DD Disketl\u0259r\u0259 880 KB, HD Disketl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 1.76 MB informasiya yaz bilirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fc\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130nformasiya qeydiyyat tipi\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Tutumu
\n5,25\u00a0 dy\u00fcm\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Bir istiqam\u0259tli\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 180 KB
\n5,25 dy\u00fcm\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0130ki istiqam\u0259tli\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 360 KB
\n5,25 dy\u00fcm\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0131xl\u0131ql\u0131\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a01,38 MB (HD)
\n3,5 dy\u00fcm\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Bir istiqam\u0259tli\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0720 KB (DD)
\n3,5 dy\u00fcm\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130ki istiqam\u0259tli\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1,44 MB (HD)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Disketl\u0259r, sabit diskl\u0259r\u0259 ox\u015far olaraq c\u0131\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 sektorlardan ibar\u0259t olan materiallard\u0131r. Qurulu\u015flar\u0131nda s\u0259s v\u0259 video kasetl\u0259rin d\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n lent\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259y\u0259n dair\u0259vi bir lent istifad\u0259 edilir. Ancaq c\u0131\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 sektorlardan meydana g\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259ri s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r s\u0259s v\u0259 video kasetl\u0259rin d\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi zamanl\u0131 yaz\u0131lmaz. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, fayl\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si 1 sayl\u0131 sektorda yer al\u0131r v\u0259 ikinci hiss\u0259si 15 n\u00f6mr\u0259li sektorda yer al\u0131rsa, yazma\/okuma ba\u015f\u0131 1den 15-ci sektora ged\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

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Disketl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 oxuma v\u0259 yazma \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n qur\u011fulara Floppy Disk y\u0259ni Disket S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc deyilir. \u0130ngilisc\u0259si Floppy Disk Drive olan bu Disket s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u0259r g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259 \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 olunmayan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u0259r olaraq qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CD ROM<\/strong>
\nBu tip yadda\u015flarda informasiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 CD (Compact Disk) v\u0259 ya DVD-dir (Digital Versatile \u00a0Disk). \u00a0CD-ROM diametri 12 sm v\u0259 qal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1,2 mm olan bir t\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 \u015f\u0259ffaf lak qat\u0131 il\u0259 z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n m\u00fchafiz\u0259 edil\u0259n, i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n al\u00fcminium qat\u0131 tozland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259ffaf polimer diskdir. Tozlanman\u0131n qal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir millimetrin bir ne\u00e7\u0259 on mind\u0259 bir hiss\u0259sini t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n

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Diskd\u0259ki informasiya diskin oxu yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 sah\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xan spiral trekd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u00e7uxurlar\u0131n (diskd\u0259ki d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rin) v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n (onlar\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259si diskin s\u0259thin\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lir) ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 t\u0259svir edilir. Diskin radiusu \u00fczr\u0259 h\u0259r bir d\u00fcymd\u0259 (2,54 sm) spiral trekin 16 min sar\u011f\u0131s\u0131 yerl\u0259\u015fir. M\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn – s\u0259rt diskin s\u0259thind\u0259 radius \u00fczr\u0259 bir d\u00fcymd\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 y\u00fcz trek yerl\u0259\u015fir. CD-nin tutumu 700 Mbayta \u00e7at\u0131r. \u0130nformasiya disk\u0259 onun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdiril\u0259 bilm\u0259z.<\/p>\n

CD-ROM y\u00fcks\u0259k x\u00fcsusi informasiya tutumuna malikdir ki. \u0130nformasiya tutumuna g\u00f6r\u0259 bir CD t\u0259xmin\u0259n 500 disket\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rdir. CD-ROM-dan informasiyan\u0131n \u00a0oxunmas\u0131 \u00a0kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259k ancaq s\u0259rt diskd\u0259 olan yadda\u015f qur\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f s\u00fcr\u0259tind\u0259n hiss olunacaq d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 az s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u015f verir. CD- ROM-lar sad\u0259 v\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259 rahatd\u0131rlar, veril\u0259nl\u0259rin saxlanmas\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 x\u00fcsusi x\u0259rcin\u0259 malikdirl\u0259r, praktiki olaraq a\u015f\u0131nm\u0131rlar, viruslarla z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259n\u0259 bilm\u0259zl\u0259r, onlardan t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n informasiyan\u0131 pozmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.<\/p>\n

Maqnit diskl\u0259rind\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, kompakt-disk \u00e7oxlu dair\u0259vi trekl\u0259r\u0259 deyil, bir spiral trek\u0259 malikdir. Bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq, diskin bucaq f\u0131rlanma s\u00fcr\u0259ti sabit deyil. Oxuyan lazer ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n diskin k\u0259nar\u0131na ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259si prosesind\u0259 bucaq f\u0131rlanma s\u00fcr\u0259ti x\u0259tti azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

CD-ROM-la i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kompyuter\u0259 CD-ROM-un s\u0259t- hind\u0259ki d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rin v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ikilik siqnallar ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evir\u0259n CD-ROM yadda\u015f qur\u011fusunu qo\u015fmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn mikrolazerli v\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q diodlu oxuyan ba\u015fl\u0131qdan istifad\u0259 edilir. Diskin s\u0259thind\u0259 \u00e7uxurlar\u0131n \u00a0d\u0259rinliyi lazer i\u015f\u0131q dal\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011funun d\u00f6rdd\u0259 birin\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rdir. \u018fg\u0259r informasiyan\u0131n oxunmas\u0131n\u0131n iki ard\u0131\u011f\u0131l takt\u0131nda lazer ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u0131q \u00a0\u015f\u00fcas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131dan \u00e7uxurun dibin\u0259 \u00a0v\u0259 \u00a0ya \u00a0\u0259ksin\u0259 \u00a0ke\u00e7irs\u0259, \u00a0bu<\/p>\n

taktlarda i\u015f\u0131q yollar\u0131n\u0131n uzunluqlar\u0131 f\u0259rqi yar\u0131mdal\u011fa q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fir ki, bu da i\u015f\u0131q dioduna birg\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n d\u00fcz v\u0259 diskd\u0259n \u0259ks olunan i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 ya z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r ard\u0131c\u0131l oxuma faktlar\u0131nda i\u015f\u0131q yolunun uzunlu\u011fu d\u0259yi\u015fmirs\u0259, onda i\u015f\u0131q diodunun v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti d\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fmir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q diodundan axan c\u0259r\u0259yan trekd\u0259ki \u00e7uxurlar\u0131n v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n kombinasiyas\u0131na uy\u011fun olan ikilik elektrik siqnallar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nformasiyan\u0131n iki ard\u0131c\u0131l oxuma takt\u0131nda i\u015f\u0131q \u015f\u00fcas\u0131n\u0131n optik yolunun m\u00fcxt\u0259lif uzunlu\u011fu\u00a0 ikilik vahidl\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lir. Eyni uzunluq ikilik s\u0131f\u0131rlara uy\u011fun g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcn dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn f\u0259rdi kompyuterl\u0259r CD-ROM yadda\u015f qur\u011fusuna malikdir. Lakin bir \u00e7ox multimedia interaktiv proqramlar\u0131 bir CD-y\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr. Bu halda DVD diskl\u0259r t\u0259tbiq edilir. Bu diskl\u0259r adi CD-l\u0259r kimi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u0259 malikdirl\u0259r, lakin 4,7-e-17 Qbayta q\u0259d\u0259r veril\u0259nl\u0259ri saxlay\u0131rlar, y\u0259ni h\u0259cmin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 20 standart CD-ROM diskini \u0259v\u0259z edirl\u0259r. Bel\u0259 diskl\u0259rd\u0259 multimedia oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 videofilml\u0259ri saxlamaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Yazan CD-R yadda\u015f qur\u011fusu (Compact Disk Recordable) adi kompakt-diskl\u0259ri oxumaqla yana\u015f\u0131 700 Mbayt tutumlu optik diskl\u0259r\u0259 informasiyan\u0131 yaza bilir. CD-R diskl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259ks etdirici qat q\u0131z\u0131l t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259d\u0259n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu qatla polikarbonat \u0259sas aras\u0131nda q\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131qda qaralan \u00fczvi materialdan olan qeyd edici qat yerl\u0259\u015fir. Yaz\u0131lma zaman\u0131 lazer \u015f\u00fcas\u0131 qat\u0131n se\u00e7ilmi\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259rini q\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259r qaral\u0131r v\u0259 \u00e7uxurlara analoji olan sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k \u0259ks etdirici qata i\u015f\u0131q buraxma\u011f\u0131 dayand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

CD-RW maqnito-optik kompakt diskl\u0259rind\u0259 olan yadda\u015f qur\u011fular\u0131 \u00a0(\u015f\u0259k. \u00a02.10). \u00a0CD- \u00a0RW \u00a0diskl\u0259rind\u0259n \u00a0d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00a0yazma<\/p>\n

\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 \u00a0etm\u0259k\u00a0 olar. \u00a0Tutumu 128 \u00a0Mbaytdan\u00a0 2,6 \u00a0Qbayta q\u0259d\u0259rdir. DVD-RW yazan yadda\u015f qur\u011fusu CD v\u0259 DVD diskl\u0259rini oxumaqla yana\u015f\u0131 onlara informasiyan\u0131 yaza da bilir. DVD-RW diskl\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 onlara informasiya yazmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k olar. Onlar\u0131n tutumu 4,7 Qbaytdan 17 Qbayta q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fl\u0259\u015f yadda\u015f (flash memory<\/strong>
\nKompyuterl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 r\u0259q\u0259msal qur\u011fularda informasiya m\u00fcbadil\u0259sinin s\u00fcr\u0259ti v\u0259 veril\u0259nl\u0259rin saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0b\u00f6y\u00fck tutumu yadda\u015f\u0131n \u0259n vacib xarakteristikalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Fl\u0259\u015f-yadda\u015f (USB Flash Drive) kompyuterin s\u0259rt diskl\u0259rind\u0259n, disketl\u0259rd\u0259n, optik diskl\u0259rd\u0259n prinsipial f\u0259rql\u0259nir.<\/p>\n

Sadalanan yadda\u015f qur\u011fular\u0131n bir-ne\u00e7\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmayan n\u00f6qsan\u0131 var. Bu ya z\u0259if yazma\/oxuma s\u00fcr\u0259ti, ya da yadda\u015f\u0131n az tutumudur. Fl\u0259\u015f-yadda\u015fdan oxunma v\u0259 yazma s\u00fcr\u0259ti \u0259m\u0259li yadda\u015fla m\u00fcqayis\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r, lakin \u0259m\u0259li yadda\u015fdan f\u0259rqli olaraq o, kompyuterin s\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00fc v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 saxlaya bilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fl\u0259\u015f-yadda\u015f\u0131n \u0259sas parametrl\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

yadda\u015f\u0131n tutumu (bir-ne\u00e7\u0259 qiqabaytlarla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr);<\/p>\n

Veril\u0259nl\u0259rin oxuma s\u00fcr\u0259ti. B\u00fct\u00fcn fl\u0259\u015f-qur\u011fular kompyuter\u0259 v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r r\u0259q\u0259msal qur\u011fulara USB port vasit\u0259si il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirilir. Ad\u0259t\u0259n, yazma s\u00fcr\u0259ti 10 meqabayt\/san, oxuma sur\u0259ti is\u0259 15 meqabayt\/san t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n

Fl\u0259\u015f-yadda\u015f\u0131n yeni bir n\u00f6v\u00fc U3-d\u00fcr. Bu c\u00fcr qur\u011fular kompyuter t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 2 disk kimi tan\u0131n\u0131r. Birind\u0259 veril\u0259nl\u0259r saxlan\u0131l\u0131r, dig\u0259r diskd\u0259n is\u0259 proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259k olar, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemini. U3 qur\u011funun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, ist\u0259nil\u0259n kompyuterd\u0259 bu qur\u011fu vasit\u0259sil\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k olar, v\u0259 bu i\u015fd\u0259n sonra h\u0259min kompyuterd\u0259 sizin i\u015finiz haqq\u0131nda he\u00e7 bir \u0259s\u0259r-\u0259lam\u0259t qalmayacaq.<\/p>\n

Fl\u0259\u015f-yadda\u015f elektrik silin\u0259n v\u0259 proqramla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan daimi yadda\u015f qur\u011fusunun bir n\u00f6v\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu yadda\u015f el\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil olunub ki, h\u0259tta bir bayt\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn oxuma-silm\u0259- yazma siklini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k laz\u0131m g\u0259lir. \u00a0Fl\u0259\u015f-yadda\u015f\u0131n \u00a0\u00e7at\u0131\u015fmamazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, yadda\u015f s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rin yenid\u0259n yazma sikll\u0259rin say\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 10000-dir. Yeni modell\u0259rd\u0259 bu \u00a0r\u0259q\u0259mi \u00a0bir milliona \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131blar.<\/p>\n

Fl\u0259\u015f-yadda\u015f qur\u011fular\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti NAND \u00a0ventill\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259\u015fkil olunur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Maqnit lentl\u0259r<\/strong>
\nStrimer (stream – uzun lent) informasiyan\u0131 maqnit lentin\u0259 yazan x\u00fcsusi imkanl\u0131 maqnitafondur. Ondan s\u0259rt \u00a0maqnit diskind\u0259 olan informasiyan\u0131n ehtiyatda saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q vacib olan informasiya s\u0259rt maqnit diskind\u0259dirs\u0259, onu strimmerd\u0259 saxlamaq m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Strimerin kassetl\u0259ri b\u00f6y\u00fck tutuma (120 Mbaytdan\u00a0 5 Hbayta q\u0259d\u0259r) malikdir.<\/p>\n

Strimer\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (ingilisc\u0259\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -tape,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 streamer)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 b\u00f6y\u00fck\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 h\u0259cmd\u0259 informasiyan\u0131n ehtiyat k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qur\u011fudur. Da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kimi burada 1\u00b82 Qbayt v\u0259 daha \u00e7ox tutumlu maqnit lentli kasetl\u0259r istifad\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n

Strimerl\u0259r maqnit lentli ki\u00e7ik kaset\u0259 \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck miqdarda informasiya yazma\u011fa imkan \u00a0verir. \u00a0Strimerin \u00a0daxilind\u0259 qurulmu\u015f aparatla s\u0131xma vasit\u0259l\u0259ri yaz\u0131lmadan \u0259vv\u0259l informasiyan\u0131 avtomatik s\u0131xla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa v\u0259 oxunmadan sonra b\u0259rpa etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verirl\u0259r ki, bu da saxlan\u0131lan informasiyan\u0131n h\u0259cmini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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M\u00fcasir strimerl\u0259rd\u0259 lent seqmentl\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Seqmentl\u0259r n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259nir. Seqmentl\u0259r bir-birin\u0259 paralel olan trekl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. H\u0259r bir trek\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Strimerl\u0259rin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onlar\u0131n informasiyan\u0131 nisb\u0259t\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yazma, axtarma v\u0259 oxuma s\u00fcr\u0259tidir. B\u00f6y\u00fck tutumluq, etibarl\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 iqtisadi s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259lilik bu qur\u011funun istifad\u0259sini \u00e7ox faydal\u0131 edir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

F\u018fRD\u0130 KOMP\u00dcTERL\u018fR<\/strong><\/span>
\n (D\u0259rs v\u0259sait)<\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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