{"id":643,"date":"2017-01-31T09:13:48","date_gmt":"2017-01-31T05:13:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=643"},"modified":"2017-01-31T20:52:13","modified_gmt":"2017-01-31T16:52:13","slug":"643","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=643","title":{"rendered":"Bios Haqq\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bios Haqq\u0131nda \u018ftrafl\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Komp\u00fcterinizd\u0259 hans\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi y\u00fckl\u0259nmi\u015f olursa-olsun, arxa planda i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259 olan daha bir \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi var. Mavi ekran verm\u0259d\u0259n, cihaz drayveri ist\u0259m\u0259d\u0259n i\u015fini yerin\u0259 yetir\u0259n bu \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi BIOS adlan\u0131r. BIOS-a sahib oldu\u011funuzda, sisteminizi nizama salmaq, ya da yaranan problemi aradan qald\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rinizin say\u0131 da art\u0131r.
\nBIOS-un a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 Basic Input\/Output System, y\u0259ni \u018fsas Giri\u015f\/\u00c7\u0131x\u0131\u015f Sistemidir. \u018fslind\u0259 BIOS bir proqramd\u0131r, amma komp\u00fcterimiz\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259yib i\u015fl\u0259tdiyimiz dig\u0259r proqramlardan, yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi yer v\u0259 funksiyalar\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan f\u0259rql\u0259nir.
\nBIOS sisteminizin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r, sisteminizi ba\u011flasan\u0131z da, diskinizi formatlasan\u0131z da, BIOS silinmir. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi d\u0259, BIOS-un diskd\u0259 deyil, ana plata \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259, tam oxuna bil\u0259n bir ROM yadda\u015f qur\u011fusunda qeydd\u0259 olmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nBIOS proqram\u0131 dig\u0259r proqramlar\u0131n\u0131zdan f\u0259rqli olaraq, ist\u0259s\u0259niz imtina ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yiniz bir proqram deyil, sistem i\u015fl\u0259diyi anda i\u015f\u0259 ba\u015flayan, sistemin \u0259sas bir hiss\u0259sidir. \u018flav\u0259 olaraq, BIOS tam olaraq sisteminiz\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 nizamlanm\u0131\u015f bir proqramd\u0131r, bu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259 d\u0259, h\u0259r ana platan\u0131n BIOS-u \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 m\u0259xsusdur.
\n\u018fn yeni, \u0259n m\u00fcasir f\u0259rdi komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259ki BIOS-lar bel\u0259, \u0259slind\u0259 \u00e7ox k\u00f6hn\u0259 proqramlard\u0131r. BIOS-un n\u00fcv\u0259 funksiyalar\u0131 1981-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan IBM PC-y\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r v\u0259 bu funksiyalar, sisteminiz n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r yeni olursa-olsun, d\u0259yi\u015fmir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk d\u0259f\u0259 haz\u0131rland\u0131qda, BIOS-un 4 funksiyas\u0131 var idi:
\n1. Sistem a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131qda, ilk olaraq aparat hiss\u0259sin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k, bir s\u0259hv olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sbit etm\u0259k (Power On Self Test – POST)
\n2. Sistem i\u015fl\u0259dikd\u0259n sonra, RAM yadda\u015f\u0131 davaml\u0131 olaraq t\u0259z\u0259l\u0259m\u0259k
\n3. Sistem a\u00e7\u0131landa b\u0259zi ki\u00e7ik RAM bloklar\u0131na sisteminiz haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar yazmaq. Bunun m\u0259qs\u0259di is\u0259, proqramlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sisteminizd\u0259ki t\u0259chizatlar haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat sahibi olmamas\u0131d\u0131r, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bir proqram\u0131n yadda\u015fdak\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir sah\u0259y\u0259 baxaraq, ne\u00e7\u0259 Gb-l\u0131q bir disk istifad\u0259 etdiyinizi v\u0259 ne\u00e7\u0259 diskinizin oldu\u011funu anlaya bilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn. Bu bloklara “BIOS Data Area” deyilir.
\n4.Proqramlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n aparat hiss\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259k<\/p>\n

\u0130ndiki vaxtda, inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteml\u0259ri BIOS-un g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc bir \u00e7ox i\u015fi \u00fcz\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u0259r. BIOS h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 var v\u0259 \u0259sas \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r, amma \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteml\u0259ri \u00e7oxu BIOS parametrini d\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259 bilirl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, BIOS-un Setup ekran\u0131na girib, sistem\u0259 tax\u0131l\u0131 diskl\u0259rinizd\u0259n birini s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131xarsan\u0131z da, Windowsa gir\u0259rk\u0259n, diskin yerind\u0259 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259ksiniz.<\/p>\n

BIOS-un ilk funksiyas\u0131 sistemin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259kdir. \u018fg\u0259r prosessorunuza n\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yini s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259s\u0259niz, ana platan\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z ba\u015f\u0131na i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. Halbuki BIOS, prosessorunuza ilk \u0259sas \u0259mrl\u0259ri ver\u0259r\u0259k, sistemin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131r. POST \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 tamamland\u0131qdan sonra da, idar\u0259ni dig\u0259r proqramlara verir. Bu say\u0259d\u0259 PC-l\u0259rimizin universal olmas\u0131 t\u0259min edilir, y\u0259ni \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemin\u0259 aid x\u00fcsusi BIOS-a ehtiyac duyulmur. BIOS i\u015fini qurtard\u0131qdan sonra, \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7ir.<\/p>\n

BIOS-a daxil olma<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

BIOS-a daxil olman\u0131n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur yolu, sisteminiz a\u00e7\u0131lark\u0259n Delete d\u00fcym\u0259sin\u0259 basmaqd\u0131r. B\u0259zi ana platalarda Setup ekran\u0131na \u00e7atmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Delete d\u00fcym\u0259si yerin\u0259 Esc, F1, ya da F2 d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 bas\u0131la bil\u0259r, amma \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur \u00fcsul Delete d\u00fcym\u0259sin\u0259 basmaqd\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131 BIOS sisteminizd\u0259 olan t\u0259chizat komponentl\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259rk\u0259n, istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259n yadda\u015f\u0131 sayark\u0259n v\u0259 sabit diskl\u0259ri (dig\u0259r yadda\u015f cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 da) tapark\u0259n, klaviaturan\u0131zda olan x\u00fcsusi bir d\u00fcym\u0259y\u0259 basaraq, BIOS nizam s\u0259hif\u0259sin\u0259 gir\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, bu \u0259m\u0259liyyat Delete d\u00fcym\u0259sin\u0259 basaraq edilir, ancaq F2 kimi dig\u0259r d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 ola bil\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcsullar\u0131 s\u0131nay\u0131b yen\u0259 d\u0259 daxil ola bilm\u0259dinizs\u0259, komp\u00fcterinizin v\u0259 ya ana platan\u0131z\u0131n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7isin\u0259 baxa bil\u0259rsiniz. Komp\u00fcter a\u00e7\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda bu d\u00fcym\u0259y\u0259 bir ya da iki saniy\u0259 basman\u0131z kifay\u0259t olacaq. H\u0259r \u015fey olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m oldu\u011fu kimi i\u015fl\u0259s\u0259, BIOS yadda\u015f miqdar\u0131n\u0131 sayma\u011f\u0131 bitir\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 ana BIOS menyusunu a\u00e7acaq. \u018fg\u0259r g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n ekran g\u0259lm\u0259dis\u0259, komp\u00fcterinizi yenid\u0259n i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131b f\u0259rqli bir d\u00fcym\u0259ni yoxlaya bil\u0259rsiniz. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0259ks\u0259r komp\u00fcterl\u0259r F1 v\u0259 ya Esc d\u00fcym\u0259sini istifad\u0259 edir. B\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 F2, F10 v\u0259 ya Alt+F1 d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259rini s\u0131namaq laz\u0131m g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BIOS s\u0259hv siqnallar\u0131<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fasil\u0259siz s\u0259s – G\u00fcc qayna\u011f\u0131 x\u0259tas\u0131
\nBir \u00e7ox q\u0131sa bip – Ana plata x\u0259tas\u0131
\n1 uzun – Yadda\u015f t\u0259z\u0259l\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0259hv
\n1 uzun 1 q\u0131sa – Ana plata v\u0259 ya BIOS \u00e7ipi x\u0259tas\u0131
\n1 uzun 2 q\u0131sa – Ekran kart\u0131 s\u0259hvi (\u0259sas\u0259n, k\u00f6hn\u0259 kartlardak\u0131 DIP switch \u0259sasl\u0131d\u0131r)
\n1 uzun 3 q\u0131sa – Ekran kart\u0131 s\u0259hvi
\n2 uzun 1 q\u0131sa – Ekran kart\u0131 s\u0259hvi (RAMDAC \u0259sasl\u0131)
\n2 q\u0131sa – Yadda\u015f pariteti s\u0259hvi
\n3 q\u0131sa – Yadda\u015f\u0131n ilk 64 Kb-l\u0131q hiss\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0259hv
\n4 q\u0131sa – Timer s\u0259hvi
\n5 q\u0131sa – Prosessor s\u0259hvi
\n6 q\u0131sa – Klaviatura prosessoru s\u0259hvi
\n7 q\u0131sa – Prosessor s\u0259hvi
\n8 q\u0131sa – Ekran kart\u0131 yadda\u015f\u0131nda oxuma\/yazma s\u0259hvi
\n9 q\u0131sa – BIOS ROM s\u0259hvi
\n10 q\u0131sa – CMOS oxuma\/yazma s\u0259hvi
\n11 q\u0131sa – Tampon yadda\u015f s\u0259hvi<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BIOS nizamlar\u0131<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Menyu ba\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131 ana platan\u0131z\u0131n markas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r, amma \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 eynidirl\u0259r.
\nCMOS Setup Utility
\nAdvanced BIOS Features
\nAdvanced Chipset Features
\nIntegrated Peripherals
\nPower Management Setup
\nPNP\/PCI Configurations
\nPC Health Status\/Hardware Monitor
\nLoad Fail Safe Defaults
\nLoad Optimized Defaults
\nSet Supervisor & User Password
\nSave & Exit Setup
\nExit Without Saving<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Standart CMOS Setup<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u018fsas menyudan bu b\u00f6lm\u0259y\u0259 gir\u0259nd\u0259, \u0259sas sistem nizamlar\u0131 v\u0259 sistem saat\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar se\u00e7iml\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaqs\u0131n\u0131z. Bunlar\u0131n funksiyalar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da t\u0259qdim edilmi\u015fdir.
\nDate\/Time – Sistem saat\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 tarixini buradan nizamlaya bil\u0259rsiniz.
\nS\u0259rt Diskl\u0259r – BIOS v\u0259 ana platalar 4 IDE driver (s\u0259rt disk v\u0259 ya CD-ROM) d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yir. IDE disketl\u0259rinizin nizamlar\u0131n\u0131 “Hard Disks” adl\u0131 bu b\u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz.
\nDisk Driver-l\u0259r – Bu b\u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259n disket driver-inizin tipini se\u00e7\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Bir disket driver-iniz varsa, bunu 1.44M, 3.5 olaraq se\u00e7\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. Dig\u0259r disket driver-i (Drive B) is\u0259 “Not Installed” (Qurulmam\u0131\u015f) olaraq burax\u0131l\u0131r.
\nHalt-On – POST, y\u0259ni BIOS-un h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi t\u0259chizat testl\u0259ri \u0259snas\u0131nda bir t\u0259chizat s\u0259hvi il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lsa, sistem dayan\u0131r. Halt-On se\u00e7imi il\u0259 b\u0259zi s\u0259hvl\u0259rin diqq\u0259t\u0259 al\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131, POST \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131n\u0131n davam ed\u0259r\u0259k, sistemin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. Bu se\u00e7iml\u0259r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimidir:
\n\u2022 No errors POST – he\u00e7 bir s\u0259hvd\u0259 dayanm\u0131r.
\n\u2022 All errors BIOS – bir s\u0259hv t\u0259sbit etdiyind\u0259 dayan\u0131r v\u0259 siz\u0259 bu s\u0259hvi d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259yiniz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q edir.
\n\u2022 All, But Keyboard – POST klaviatura s\u0259hvl\u0259ri xaricind\u0259ki s\u0259hvl\u0259rd\u0259 dayan\u0131r.
\n\u2022 All, But Disket – POST disket driver s\u0259hvl\u0259ri xaricind\u0259ki s\u0259hvl\u0259rd\u0259 dayan\u0131r.
\n\u2022 All, But disk\/Key – POST klaviatura v\u0259 disket driver s\u0259hvl\u0259ri xaricind\u0259ki s\u0259hvl\u0259rd\u0259 dayan\u0131r.
\nYadda\u015f M\u0259lumatlar\u0131 – Bu sah\u0259d\u0259ki m\u0259lumatlarda d\u0259yi\u015fiklik ed\u0259 bilm\u0259zsiniz. Burada \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi (base), geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilmi\u015f (extended) v\u0259 dig\u0259r yadda\u015f tutumlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat i\u015ftirak edir.<\/p>\n

BIOS Features Setup<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

CPU Internal Core Speed – B\u0259zi ana platalarda prosessorun s\u00fcr\u0259ti g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. (233MHz, 300MHz kimi). Yeni Abit, Chaintech kimi ana platalarda bu, bir se\u00e7im olaraq verilmi\u015fdir v\u0259 prosessor s\u00fcr\u0259tini BIOS proqram\u0131ndan nizamlaman\u0131za icaz\u0259 verir.
\nVirus Warning – Bu se\u00e7im Boot viruslar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u0259l vasit\u0259dir.
\nCPU Internal Cache – \u00c7ox istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n b\u0259zi m\u0259lumatlar m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u00fcdd\u0259tlik s\u00fcr\u0259tli operativ yadda\u015fda tutula bil\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, b\u0259zi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar daha s\u00fcr\u0259tli h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir.
\nBIOS Update – BIOS yenil\u0259m\u0259 modulunun prosessora laz\u0131ml\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 \u00e7atd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edir. Enabled m\u00f6vqeyind\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nQuick Power On Self Test – POST \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131n\u0131n 4 d\u0259f\u0259 yerin\u0259 (b\u0259zi PC-l\u0259rd\u0259 3 d\u0259f\u0259) bir d\u0259f\u0259 edilm\u0259sini t\u0259min edir.
\nBoot Sequence – PC-niz a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131qda, BIOS-un \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6nc\u0259 hans\u0131 driver-\u0259 baxmas\u0131 laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu bildirir.
\nGate A20 Option – Bu se\u00e7im sistemin 1 MB-dan \u00e7ox geni\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f yadda\u015f\u0131 (Extended memory) nec\u0259 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r.
\nSecurity Option – Sisteminiz\u0259 v\u0259 BIOS Setup-dak\u0131 nizamlara ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n gir\u0259 bilm\u0259m\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn BIOS Setup-dan \u015fifr\u0259 qoya bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CHIPSET Features Setup<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ana platan\u0131n chipseti il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar nizamlar bu hiss\u0259d\u0259 olur. \u00c7ox ana platada olan chipset v\u0259 yadda\u015f nizamlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar se\u00e7iml\u0259ri bu b\u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259 izah ed\u0259c\u0259yik.<\/p>\n

EDO Avto Configuration – EDO RAM il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar texniki m\u0259lumatlar saxlayan nizamlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kimi buraxman\u0131z m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tdir.
\nSDRAM Configuration – Sisteminizd\u0259 SDRAM tipind\u0259 yadda\u015f istifad\u0259 edirsinizs\u0259, yadda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tini burada t\u0259yin ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz.
\n8\/16 Bit I\/O Recovery Time – 8 v\u0259 16 bitlik ISA kartlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn zamanlama.
\nCPU Warning Temperature – Prosessorun istiliyi ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131qda, sistemin siqnal ver\u0259c\u0259yini t\u0259yin edir.<\/p>\n

<\/div>
\r\n