{"id":655,"date":"2017-03-13T22:37:43","date_gmt":"2017-03-13T18:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=655"},"modified":"2017-03-13T22:37:43","modified_gmt":"2017-03-13T18:37:43","slug":"dhcp-n%c9%99dir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=655","title":{"rendered":"DHCP n\u0259dir?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

DHCP\u00a0Haqq\u0131nda<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

DHCP (<\/strong>\u0130ngilis Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), sad\u0259 olaraq sistemd\u0259ki komp\u00fcterl\u0259r\u0259 IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 buna \u0259lav\u0259 olaraq m\u00fcxt\u0259lif parametrl\u0259ri t\u0259yin etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n xidm\u0259tdir. DHCP’nin t\u0259m\u0259l x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti sistemi quran k\u0259sl\u0259rin t\u0259k t\u0259k b\u00fct\u00fcn ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u0259zib eyni v\u0259 ya ox\u015far parametrl\u0259ri d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259liyl\u0259 girm\u0259sini mane\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259k, bel\u0259c\u0259 zaman qazanmaq v\u0259 sistem idar\u0259\u00e7isinin i\u015fini asanla\u015fd\u0131rmaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DHCP’nin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Disksiz i\u015f stansiyalar\u0131: \u018fslind\u0259 DHCP ilk olaraq disk\u0259 sahib olmayan komp\u00fcterl\u0259r\u0259 IP m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu c\u00fcr i\u015f stansiyalar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir yedekleme arac\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u0259snas\u0131nda \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 IP m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si z\u0259ruri idi. A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131 ilk olaraq ehtiyac duyulan m\u0259lumat is\u0259, sizin d\u0259 asanca tapa bil\u0259c\u0259yiniz kimi, sad\u0259 bir IP’dir. Bu m\u0259lumat al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda (Linux istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259) n\u00fcv\u0259 disksiz ma\u015f\u0131na asanl\u0131qla transfer edil\u0259 bil\u0259r.
\nA\u011fda da\u015f\u0131na bil\u0259r komp\u00fcterl\u0259rin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Bir diz\u00fcst\u00fc komp\u00fcteri s\u0131xl\u0131qla yan\u0131n\u0131zda gezdiriyorsan\u0131z, bu komp\u00fcteri h\u0259r apard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda yerd\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259nin n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r cans\u0131x\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu bilirsiniz. DHCP’nin istifad\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, avtomatik olaraq al\u0131nan bu m\u0259lumatlar h\u0259r yeni a\u011fa ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman yenil\u0259nir v\u0259 \u0259ll\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat ed\u0259r\u0259k zaman kaybetmeniz mane\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259r.
\nDNS r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin kolayla\u015fmas\u0131: DHCP say\u0259sind\u0259 IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131n statik olaraq t\u0259yin olunmas\u0131 mane\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259r. Sabit IP verilm\u0259si hal\u0131nda \u00e7ox diqq\u0259t ist\u0259y\u0259n bu \u0259m\u0259liyyat, DHCP k\u00f6m\u0259yiyl\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259ksiz hala g\u0259lir. On komp\u00fcterli bir yer\u0259 sistem kurdu\u011fumuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259k. \u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r h\u0259m \u00f6z aralar\u0131nda haberle\u015fecekler, h\u0259m d\u0259 internetd\u0259 g\u0259zib, e-po\u00e7t al\u0131b ver\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir IP bloku t\u0259yin edib, DHCP \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n komp\u00fcterl\u0259r\u0259 da\u011f\u0131taca\u011f\u0131z. \u0130st\u0259s\u0259niz indi komp\u00fcterl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tan\u0131mlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z parametrl\u0259ri bir n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259k.
\n1-H\u0259r ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir-birind\u0259n f\u0259rqli IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 olmas\u0131 laz\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. He\u00e7 bir IP-biriyl\u0259 \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n2-H\u0259r ethernet kart\u0131na aid m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 maskas\u0131 olmal\u0131 v\u0259 eyni alt \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 bu a\u011f maskalar\u0131n\u0131n eyni olmas\u0131 laz\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r.
\n3-\u018fg\u0259r sistemin \u0130nternet\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259si var is\u0259 \u0130nternet\u0259 ba\u011flanacaq olan komp\u00fcterl\u0259rin ke\u00e7id (gateway) IP \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtdir.
\n4-Son olaraq \u0259n az bir, tercihen iki DNS IP \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olmas\u0131 laz\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 siyah\u0131ya baxaraq \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi \u00fcsullar il\u0259 (DHCP istifad\u0259 zaman) \u0259n az 4 d\u0259y\u0259rin h\u0259r komp\u00fcter \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn girilm\u0259si laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu d\u0259 d\u0259rhal s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rik. \u018fg\u0259r 20 makinelik bir \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259nin var is\u0259, h\u0259r komp\u00fcteri t\u0259k-t\u0259k girib \u00fcmumi 80 n\u00f6mr\u0259ni yazmaq m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259siniz. \u018fg\u0259r b\u0259nz\u0259ri bir \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 daha geni\u015f bir \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259d\u0259 (250 komp\u00fcter) etm\u0259k ist\u0259s\u0259niz, gerisini siz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.
\n
\nDHCP’nin \u018fm\u0259k Prinsipl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n

DHCP server bu kimi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 imdad\u0131m\u0131za qa\u00e7an \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7imiz oluyor.Peki, a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 olmayan bir ma\u015f\u0131n, nec\u0259 olur da DHCP server bu m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 al\u0131r, saxlay\u0131r v\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015fda istifad\u0259 ed\u0259?
\n
\nDHCP discover
\n<\/strong>
\nKomp\u00fcter ilk d\u0259f\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u011fa DHCPDISCOVER mesaj\u0131n\u0131 yollar.Bu mesaj\u0131n m\u0259zmunu “Sistemd\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir DHCP server var mu? \u018fg\u0259r var is\u0259 bir IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 ist\u0259yir\u0259m” olaraq yekunla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259r. \u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz a\u011fa g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n DHCP ist\u0259k paketi maraq ediyorsunuzdur.\u0130stekte edil\u0259n IP \u00fcnvan\u0131, MAC \u00fcnvan\u0131 v\u0259 ya paketi g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259n ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 bilinm\u0259diyind\u0259n, paketin m\u0259zmunu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 meydana g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k:
\n1-H\u0259d\u0259f IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 (Bilmir\u0259m): 255.255.255.255 (broadcast)
\n2-H\u0259d\u0259f MAC \u00fcnvan\u0131 (Bilmir\u0259m): FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF (broadcast)
\n3-M\u0259nb\u0259 IP Adresi (Bilmir\u0259m): 0.0.0.0
\n4-Qaynaq MAC Adresi: 00-A0-CC-66-73-1F (\u00d6z kart\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 MAC \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 bilm\u0259k q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259bii bir \u015fey ola bilm\u0259z)<\/p>\n

DHCP offer<\/strong><\/p>\n

DHCP m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n sistem\u0259 at\u0131lan n\u0259\u015fr paketi (broadcast packet) DHCP server t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n al\u0131n\u0131r.IP bazas\u0131 dindirilir, istek\u00e7iye veril\u0259c\u0259k IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 v\u0259 kiray\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259ti m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir. Serverd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xan ist\u0259yin t\u0259sdiql\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istek\u00e7iye bu t\u0259yin olunan m\u0259lumatlar \u00f6nc\u0259 yollan\u0131r.
\nSistemd\u0259 bird\u0259n \u00e7ox DHCP server bil\u0259r. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri a\u011fa bir ist\u0259k g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi zaman \u0259n s\u00fcr\u0259tli DHCP offer mesaj yollayan IP m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259nims\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 bu tan\u0131mlarla a\u011fa birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259k.
\n1-H\u0259d\u0259f IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 (H\u0259l\u0259 t\u0259sdiql\u0259nm\u0259di): 0.0.0.0
\n2-H\u0259d\u0259f MAC \u00fcnvan\u0131 (bilinir, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri makina): 00-A0-CC-66-73-1F
\n3-M\u0259nb\u0259 IP Adresi (bilinir, DHCP server): 10.0.0.1
\n4-Qaynaq MAC Adresi (bil inir, DHCP server): 00-A0-C0-B6-12-6F
\n
\nDHCP request<\/strong><\/p>\n

DHCP OFFER mesaj\u0131n\u0131 alan DHCP m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 h\u0259val\u0259 edilmi\u015f IP \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 kiralad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair server\u0259 bir n\u0259\u015fr mesaj\u0131 yollar, \u0259g\u0259r DHCP m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri bird\u0259n \u00e7ox DHCP OFFER mesaj\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f is\u0259 ikinci bir broadcast mesaj\u0131 daha yollar v\u0259 dig\u0259r DHCP serverl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr edib art\u0131q bi IP \u00fcnvan\u0131na sahib oldu\u011funu bildirir.<\/p>\n

DHCP acknowledgement
\n<\/strong>
\nDHCP Request mesaj\u0131n\u0131 sah\u0259y\u0259 DHCP server art\u0131q DHCP m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131ml\u0131 qeydl\u0259ri realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b ona laz\u0131ml\u0131 olan IP, \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 maskas\u0131, DNS \u00fcnvan\u0131 v\u0259 ya \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131 yollayacakt\u0131r.
\nG\u0259l\u0259k icar\u0259si hadis\u0259sin\u0259. B\u0259zi proqram\u00e7\u0131lar, yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131 h\u0259r \u015fey\u0259 statistikalar istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259l\u0259r etm\u0259y\u0259 hu\u015funu itirirl\u0259r. Nec\u0259 ki DHCP serveri da yaradark\u0259n m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r veril\u0259c\u0259k IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131n kiralanmas\u0131 laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r, eynil\u0259 ev sahibi v\u0259 kirac\u0131larda oldu\u011fu kimi. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n parametrl\u0259ri verdikd\u0259n sonra geri qalan i\u015fin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 server il\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri \u00f6z aras\u0131nda halledecektir.
\n
\nDHCP il\u0259 IP Adresi Verilm\u0259si<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir Linux ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bir DHCP server v\u0259 ya DHCP m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri olaraq \u00e7al\u0131\u015fa bil\u0259r. Linuxda \u00f6n qur\u011fulu olaraq g\u0259l\u0259n xidm\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z DHCP’nin konfiqurasiya fayllar\u0131 yoxdur v\u0259 \u0259ll\u0259 yarad\u0131lmalar\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u00dcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iki \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli fayl var: -dhcp.conf: B\u00fct\u00fcn nizamlamalar bu fayl say\u0259sind\u0259 realla\u015far. -dhcpd.leases: icar\u0259y\u0259 IP \u00fcnvan m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 tutmaqla m\u0259suldur. Bu dosylar\u0131 yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn touch \u0259mri istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. dhcpd.conf fayl\u0131 \/ etc kataloq, dhcpd.leases is\u0259 \/ var \/ lib \/ dhcp silsil\u0259sinin alt\u0131nda yarat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

cd \/ etc
\npwd
\n\/ etc
\ntouch dhcpd.conf
\ncd \/ var \/ lib \/ dhcp
\npwd
\n\/ Var \/ lib \/ dhcp
\ntouch dhcpd.leases<\/p>\n

Burada diqq\u0259t ed\u0259c\u0259yimiz n\u00f6qt\u0259, dhcpd.leases fayl\u0131n\u0131n he\u00e7 bir zaman \u0259ll\u0259 d\u00fczenlenmemesi laz\u0131m oldu\u011fudur. \u0130ndi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 s\u0259tirl\u0259ri t\u0259k-t\u0259k \/etc\/dhcpd.conf fayl\u0131na daxil edin. S\u00f6z m\u00f6vzusu s\u0259tirl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u015f\u0259rhl\u0259r h\u0259r s\u0259tirin alt\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015fir. Konfiqurasiya fayl\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 okunurlu\u011fu art\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ni\u015fa n\u0131 v\u0259 bo\u015fluq xarakteri istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r.
\nDDNS-update-style interim;
\ndefault-lease-time 600;
\ndefault-lease-time parametri, DHCP m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r veril\u0259c\u0259k IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131n kiray\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259ti bildirir. Bu d\u0259y\u0259r saniy\u0259 cinsind\u0259ndir, n\u00fcmun\u0259d\u0259 10 d\u0259qiq\u0259lik icar\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259ti verilmi\u015fdir. Bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259slin\u0259 baxsan\u0131z olduqca q\u0131sa v\u0259 sistemd\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259ksiz yol yaratabilir.Dilerseniz bu \u0259m\u0259liyyat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu s\u00fcredaha \u00e7ox ola bil\u0259r. (M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n 3 v\u0259 ya 5 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik kimi).
\nmax-lease-time 7200;
\ndefault-lease-time d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259ki m\u00fcdd\u0259t daxilind\u0259 kiray\u0259 yenilenmemi\u015f is\u0259 DHCP istek\u00e7iye max-lease-time d\u0259y\u0259ri boyunce m\u00fcdd\u0259t tan\u0131n\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r yenilenmezse n\u0259 olar des\u0259niz, sad\u0259:<\/p>\n

\u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc qap\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tapars\u0131n\u0131z.
\noption subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;<\/p>\n

DHCP ist\u0259k\u00e7il\u0259rin daxil olaca\u011f\u0131 alt \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 maskas\u0131 (subnet) g\u00f6st\u0259rilir.
\noption broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;<\/p>\n

DHCP m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r daxil olduqlar\u0131 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259nin n\u0259\u015fr (broadcast) \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 verir.
\noption routers 192.168.1.254;<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r sistemd\u0259 bir gateway (ke\u00e7id) v\u0259 ya router (istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ndirici) var is\u0259 DHCP m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r bunlar\u0131n IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir.
\noption NetBIOS-name-servers 192.168.1.1,192.168.1.2;<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r sistemd\u0259 bir v\u0259 ya bird\u0259n \u00e7ox WINS server var is\u0259 DHCP m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r bunlar\u0131n IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir.
\noption domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1,192.168.1.2;<\/p>\n

DHCP ist\u0259k\u00e7il\u0259rin istifad\u0259 etm\u0259si laz\u0131m olan DNS serverl\u0259rin IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131 domain-name-servers il\u0259 belirtilir.E\u011fer bird\u0259n \u00e7ox IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 veril\u0259c\u0259ks\u0259 aralar\u0131nda verg\u00fcl olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\noption domain-name “alanim.org”;<\/p>\n

DHCP ist\u0259k\u00e7il\u0259rin olaca\u011f\u0131, daxil olaca\u011f\u0131 domen g\u00f6st\u0259rilir.
\nsubnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {<\/p>\n

DHCP serverin hans\u0131 IP \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 paylayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilir.Subnet paramatresinin oldu\u011fu s\u0259tirin sonunda, bu IP \u00fcnvan\u0131na aid olan dig\u0259r parametrl\u0259rin ifad\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259diyl\u0259 m\u00f6t\u0259riz\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Parantez kapat\u0131lana q\u0259d\u0259r s\u00f6z m\u00f6vzusu IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn<\/p>\n

DHCP serverin dig\u0259r parametrl\u0259ri t\u0259yin olunar.
\nrange 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.100;<\/p>\n

DHCP serverin hans\u0131 IP \u00fcnvan\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda IP paylayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir.
\n}
\nYuxar\u0131da parantezi ba\u011flad\u0131q. DHCP istifad\u0259 bir sistemd\u0259, b\u0259zi hallarda \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259d\u0259 el\u0259 ma\u015f\u0131nlar bil\u0259r ki bunlara h\u0259r zaman eyni IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131 verilmelidir.\u00d6rnek olaraq sistemd\u0259ki DNS server, web server, veril\u0259nl\u0259r bazas\u0131 server \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si hal\u0131nda h\u0259r \u015fey qarmaqar\u0131\u015f\u0131q olabilir.Zira bu serverl\u0259rin istifad\u0259 IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131 s\u0259hv\u0259n DHCP server il\u0259 ba\u015fqa ma\u015f\u0131nlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259yin oluna bil\u0259r.
\n
\nBir Makineye Sabit IP Verilm\u0259si<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u011fda el\u0259 ma\u015f\u0131nlar vard\u0131r ki bunlar\u0131n m\u00fctl\u0259q h\u0259r zaman eyni IP \u00fcnvan\u0131na ehtiyaclar\u0131 olur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n sistemd\u0259 DNS server, web server, veril\u0259nl\u0259r bazas\u0131 server, h\u0259tta ba\u015fqa bir DHCP server varsa bu kimi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 se\u00e7ebilece\u011fimiz iki variant var. Birincisi; bu tip funksiyalar\u0131 olan ma\u015f\u0131nlara IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131 statik girm\u0259k, dig\u0259ri d\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi bir yol izl\u0259m\u0259k.
\nhost argelinux1 {
\nhardware ethernet 08: 00: 2b: 4c: 59: 23;
\n# 08: 00: 2b: 4c: 59: 23
\nFixed-address 192.168.1.222;
\n}
\nYuxar\u0131da verdiyiniz Ip, da\u011f\u0131td\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 olsa bel\u0259 normal bir komp\u00fcter\u0259 q\u0259tilikl\u0259 verilm\u0259z, ifad\u0259 MAC adresin\u0259 sahib ethernet kart\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu ma\u015f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayr\u0131l\u0131r.Yukar\u0131da host il\u0259 ba\u015flayan s\u0259tirin d\u0259rhal sonundak\u0131 argelinux1 ad\u0131 ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tam ad\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamayabilir.\u00d6nemli olan ethernet MAC \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n tutmas\u0131d\u0131r.Peki bu MAC \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 nec\u0259 tapacaqs\u0131n\u0131z? Linux alt\u0131nda “ipconfig” \u0259mri biz\u0259 ethernet kart\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda MAC adresini d\u0259 verirdi. DHCP serveri i\u015fl\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ist\u0259s\u0259niz \/etc\/init.d qovlu\u011funa ke\u00e7ib .\/dhcpd start \u0259mrini ver\u0259 bil\u0259r, v\u0259 ya h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir dizindeyken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 s\u0259tiri t\u0259tbiq ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz.
\nservice dhcpd start
\nUnutmadan, h\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015fda DHCP serverin i\u015fini ist\u0259yirsinizs\u0259 ntsysv \u0259mrini i\u015fl\u0259dib DHCP qutucu\u011funu i\u015far\u0259l\u0259m\u0259niz kafi olacakt\u0131r.Ya da \/etc\/init.d dizinindeki rc.local fayl\u0131 sonuna \/etc\/init.d\/dhcpd start s\u0259tirini \u0259lav\u0259 d\u0259 bu \u0259m\u0259liyyat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.\u0130lk \u00fcsul standart \u00fcsullar\u0131n xaricin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmamas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan daha uy\u011fundur.
\n
\nBird\u0259n \u00e7ox Ethernet kart\u0131 il\u0259 i\u015f
\n<\/strong>
\nDHCP hey\u0259ti bir Linux sistemd\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r bird\u0259n \u00e7ox ethernet kart\u0131 varsa, yaln\u0131z t\u0259k bir ethernet kart\u0131n\u0131n IP paylamas\u0131 etm\u0259sini ist\u0259diyiniz v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259r olabilir.\u00f6zellikle eyni ma\u015f\u0131nda bird\u0259n \u00e7ox sevis i\u015fl\u0259d\u0259n firmalarda t\u0259k Linux server\u0259 squid proxy, firewall, e-po\u00e7t serveri, DHCP server v\u0259 s . k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc zaman bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259t ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.Zira \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan iki ethernet kart\u0131 var, ancaq yaln\u0131z birinin t\u0259sirli olmas\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b olunur. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 i\u015fimizi asanla\u015fd\u0131ran bir parametr bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Dhcpd proqram\u0131na eth0 parametrini \u0259lav\u0259 ets\u0259niz yaln\u0131z eth0 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n ist\u0259kl\u0259r dinlenecektir. B\u0259nz\u0259r \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 eth0 yerin\u0259 eth1 yazman\u0131z v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 istirah\u0259t ethernet kart\u0131 eth1 olacaq. El\u0259 is\u0259 dhcp proqram\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259d\u0259n \/ etc ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c betiklerini d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259miz laz\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. \/etc\/init.d\/dhcp fayl\u0131n\u0131n bir qismini ara\u015fd\u0131raq:<\/p>\n

start ()<\/p>\n

{
\necho -n $ “Starting dhcpd:”
\ndaemon \/ usr \/ sbin \/ dhcpd
\nRETVAL = $?
\necho
\n[$ RETVAL -eq 0] && touch \/ var \/ lock \/ subsys \/ dhcpd
\nreturn $ RETVAL
\n}<\/p>\n

Edilm\u0259si laz\u0131m olan \u0259m\u0259liyyat, “daemon \/ usr \/ sbin \/ dhcpd” s\u0259tirini “daemon \/ usr \/ dhcpd eth0” olaraq de\u011fi\u015ftirmek.DHCP xidm\u0259tinin yenid\u0259n ba\u015flad\u0131n hal\u0131nda art\u0131q yaln\u0131z eth0 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n ist\u0259kl\u0259r cavabland\u0131r\u0131lacaq.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\r\n