{"id":6760,"date":"2024-09-06T16:35:21","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T12:35:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=6760"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:38:19","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T12:38:19","slug":"komputerin-proqram-t%c9%99minati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=6760","title":{"rendered":"Komp\u00fcterin proqram t\u0259minat\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u0259q\u0259msal m\u00fchitl\u0259rd\u0259 veril\u0259nl\u0259ri, informasiyan\u0131 v\u0259 r\u0259q\u0259msal m\u0259zmunu pe\u015f\u0259kar \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k bacar\u0131qlar\u0131na yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn texniki t\u0259minatla yana\u015f\u0131 proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.
\nKomp\u00fcterd\u0259 proqram v\u0259 texniki t\u0259minatlar q\u0131r\u0131lmaz \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sird\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir.
\nProqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri bir piramida t\u0259\u015fkil edir ki, burada da h\u0259r bir s\u0259viyy\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir.(Sxem 1.5) Bu piramidan\u0131n zirv\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259tbiqi s\u0259viyy\u0259, bunun alt\u0131nda xidm\u0259tedici s\u0259viyy\u0259, bunun alt\u0131nda sistem s\u0259viyy\u0259si v\u0259 piramidan\u0131n oturaca\u011f\u0131nda baza s\u0259viyy\u0259si yerl\u0259\u015fir.<\/p>\n

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\nBaza s\u0259viyy\u0259si.<\/strong> Baza s\u0259viyy\u0259si proqram t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259sidir. Bu s\u0259viyy\u0259 baza aparat vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini t\u0259min edir. Baza proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 baza aparat t\u0259minat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k sabit yadda\u015f qur\u011fusunun (ROM) x\u00fcsusi mikrosxeml\u0259rind\u0259 saxlan\u0131r v\u0259 B\u0130OS adlanan baza giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f sistemini \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir. Proqramlar v\u0259 veril\u0259nl\u0259r sabit yadda\u015f qur\u011fusuna istehsal m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 istismar zaman\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirilmir.
\nSistem s\u0259viyy\u0259si.<\/strong>Sistem proqramlar\u0131 komp\u00fcterin resurslar\u0131n\u0131 \u2013 m\u0259rk\u0259zi prosessoru, yadda\u015f\u0131, giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f qur\u011fular\u0131n\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Onlar b\u00fct\u00fcn istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f proqramlard\u0131r. Komp\u00fcterin sistem proqramlar\u0131 el\u0259 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ki, t\u0259tbiqi proqramlar s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bilsin. Sistem proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sini \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteml\u0259ri t\u0259\u015fkil edir. \u018fm\u0259liyyat sisteml\u0259rin\u0259 misal olaraq MS DOS, OS\/2, Linux, Mcintosh(Mac OS), Unix, Windows \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteml\u0259rini misal g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar. Windows-un h\u0259r bir proqram\u0131 he\u00e7 olmasa bir p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259y\u0259 malikdir. Bu p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259 istifad\u0259\u00e7ini h\u0259min proqram il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r. Windows sistemind\u0259 monitorun ekran\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i masa kimi t\u0259qdim olunur ki, bu masada h\u0259min anda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n proqramlar\u0131n p\u0259n\u0441\u0259r\u0259l\u0259ri yerl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f olurlar. Proqram ki\u00e7ik t\u0259svir (d\u00fcym\u0259) \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259 bil\u0259r ki, bu t\u0259svir \u00e7ox zaman “ikonka” adlan\u0131r. T\u0259bii ki, h\u0259r hans\u0131 proqram (p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259) ki\u00e7ik t\u0259svir \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131la v\u0259 yenid\u0259n normal v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tiril\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu imkan Windows sistemind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n ekran\u0131n informasiya h\u0259cminin artmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Manipulyatordan (si\u00e7andan) istifad\u0259 is\u0259 Windows-da i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin i\u015fini xeyli asanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r.
\nR\u0259q\u0259msal m\u00fchitl\u0259rd\u0259 informasiya fayllarda saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7i bu informasiyan\u0131, r\u0259q\u0259msal m\u0259zmunu yadda saxlamaq, a\u00e7maq, uzaqla\u015fd\u0131rmaq (silm\u0259k), ad verm\u0259k v\u0259 yenid\u0259n adland\u0131rmaq, \u00e7apa verm\u0259k, tutumunu s\u0131xaraq arxivl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k, k\u0259sm\u0259k, sur\u0259tini almaq, g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k, \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259d\u0259 fayla giri\u015f icaz\u0259si verm\u0259k kimi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlarla idar\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7i r\u0259q\u0259msal m\u0259zmunu xarici yadda\u015f da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131nda: maqnit lenti, maqnit diski, s\u0259rt disk, fl\u0259\u015f kart, mobil telefonlar, r\u0259q\u0259msal foto aparatlar v\u0259 s. qur\u011fularda saxlaya bil\u0259r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu prosesl\u0259r Windows b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7i proqram\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 fayl\u0131n v\u0259 ya qovlu\u011fun kontekst menyusundan yerin\u0259 yetirilir. Fayllar\u0131n tipind\u0259n (geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n) as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq onlar\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uy\u011fun proqramlar da q<\/p>\n

ura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fayl\u0131 a\u00e7maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259min fayl\u0131n tipini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n proqram olmal\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0259tn fayl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259tn redaktoru, t\u0259svirl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qrafik redaktorlar, musiqi fayllar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn audio proqramlar v\u0259 s. Fayllar\u0131n arxivl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si onlar\u0131n tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131nda, ehtiyat \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131nda, \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7ox vacibdir. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, fayllar\u0131 arxivl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 v\u0259 ya arxivd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0131xla\u015fd\u0131rma proqramlar\u0131ndan (arxivatorlardan), viruslar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn antivirus proqramlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 edilir.<\/p>\n

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Xidm\u0259tedici s\u0259viyy\u0259.<\/strong> Piramidan\u0131n dig\u0259r s\u0259viyy\u0259sini xidm\u0259t proqramlar\u0131-Utilitl\u0259r (lat. “utilitas” \u2013 xeyir, fayda) t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bu s\u0259viyy\u0259nin proqramlar\u0131 h\u0259m baza, h\u0259m d\u0259 sistem s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rinin proqramlar\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Xidm\u0259tedici proqramlar (utilitl\u0259r) komp\u00fcter sisteminin yoxlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 sazlanmas\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259rinin avtomatla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir, h\u0259m\u00e7inin sistem proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131n yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edir.
\nY\u0259qin ki, n\u0259 vaxtsa hiss etmisiniz ki, komp\u00fcteriniz \u0259vv\u0259lki kimi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131r, fayllar\u0131n\u0131z yoxa \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r v\u0259 ya \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Bel\u0259 hallarla qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fanda problemin n\u0259 oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131zm\u0131? \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, komp\u00fcteriniz\u0259 virus yoluxub. Virus proqram \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259xmin\u0259n bioloji virus kimi apar\u0131r: \u00f6z\u00fc-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7oxal\u0131r, sistem fayllar\u0131 daxilind\u0259 maskalan\u0131r v\u0259 komp\u00fcter\u0259 v\u0259 ya sistem\u0259 ziyanl\u0131 t\u0259sirl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Virus xarici yadda\u015f qur\u011fular\u0131ndan (disketl\u0259rd\u0259n), elektron po\u00e7t v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r \u0130nternet resurslar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n zaman t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yarada bil\u0259r, bu zaman lazim olmayan v\u0259 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z m\u0259ktub v\u0259 resurslar\u0131 maksimum d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259niz m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tdir. Viruslar x\u00fcsusi olaraq yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u00e7ik proqramlard\u0131r. Bunlara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u0131dm\u0259t proqram\u0131 olan antiviruslardan istifad\u0259 olunur.
\nKomp\u00fcterin periferiya qur\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fini idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xidm\u0259t proqramlar\u0131na aid olan x\u00fcsusi proqramdan – drayverl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilir. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, drayver proqramlar xarici qur\u011fular\u0131 komp\u00fcter\u0259 tan\u0131d\u0131r, y\u0259ni \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi il\u0259 qur\u011fular aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259 yarad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 printer, skaner kimi qur\u011fular\u0131 komp\u00fcter\u0259 qo\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 onun drayverini y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.
\nT\u0259tbiqi s\u0259viyy\u0259.<\/strong> Bu s\u0259viyy\u0259nin proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 istehsal, yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q, \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259 v\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259lli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f t\u0259tbiqi proqramlar kompleksind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. T\u0259tbiqi proqramlarla sistem proqramlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u0131x qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur.
\nSistem s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 problem yaranarsa, sistemi idar\u0259 ed\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemind\u0259ki nasazl\u0131qlar xidm\u0259t proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 ya daha \u00e7\u0259tin probleml\u0259rd\u0259 sistem formatlan\u0131r. Bir \u0259m\u0259liyyat sisteminin yeni versiya il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olunmas\u0131 laz\u0131m g\u0259ldikd\u0259 d\u0259 komp\u00fcter format olunur. Bu proses xarici yadda\u015f qur\u011fular\u0131 (DVD diskl\u0259r v\u0259 ya fl\u0259\u015f kartla) il\u0259 yerin\u0259 yetirilir.
\nAntivirus proqramlar\u0131ndan, arxivatorlardan, t\u0259tbiqi proqramlardan (MS Office proqramlar\u0131, Qrafik redaktorlar, multimedia proqramlar\u0131 v\u0259 s.) istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onu komp\u00fcteriniz\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131z g\u0259r\u0259kdir. Komp\u00fcter\u0259 proqram qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 bel\u0259dir:<\/p>\n

\uf0d8 Xarici yadda\u015f qur\u011fusundan v\u0259 ya internetd\u0259n proqram fayllar\u0131n\u0131 komp\u00fcter\u0259(S\u0259rt disk\u0259) endirin. \u018fsas\u0259n axtar\u0131\u015f saytlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 edin.
\n\uf0d8 S\u0259rt disk\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Setup.exe fayl\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131n v\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131r (rus. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c, ing. Install) komandas\u0131n\u0131 verin.
\n\uf0d8 Ard\u0131c\u0131l olaraq a\u00e7\u0131lan dialoq p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 soru\u015fulan \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 icra edin. Proses bitdikd\u0259n sonra h\u0259min proqramdan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

M\u00fc\u0259llif: Baza modulu<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00fczr\u0259 T\u0259lim Material\u0131<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u201c\u0130KT-d\u0259n istifad\u0259\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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