{"id":951,"date":"2018-04-05T13:40:56","date_gmt":"2018-04-05T08:40:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=951"},"modified":"2018-04-05T13:40:56","modified_gmt":"2018-04-05T08:40:56","slug":"komputerin-%c9%99sas-hiss%c9%99l%c9%99ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=951","title":{"rendered":"Komp\u00fcterin \u018fsas Hiss\u0259l\u0259ri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Komp\u00fcterin \u0259sas hiss\u0259l\u0259ri<\/h3>\n

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\"\"<\/h5>\n
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Sistem bloku:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Sistem bloku komp\u00fcterd\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n texniki qur\u011fular\u0131n \u0259sas birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 qov\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olub, daxilind\u0259 i\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m olan \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli hiss\u0259l\u0259r,<\/p>\n

xaricd\u0259 is\u0259 bloka qo\u015fulan \u0259lav\u0259, xarici qur\u011fular yerl\u0259\u015fir. Komp\u00fcterin sistem blokuna xaricd\u0259n qo\u015fulan qur\u011fular\u0131na periferiya qur\u011fular\u0131 deyilir.<\/p>\n

Periferiya qur\u011fular\u0131 f\u0259rdi komp\u00fcterd\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7i \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilir v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi qrupla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar:
\n-veril\u0259nl\u0259ri daxil ed\u0259n qur\u011fular (klaviatura, x\u00fcsusi manipulyatorlar, skaner v\u0259 r\u0259q\u0259mli kameralar);
\n-veril\u0259nl\u0259ri xaric ed\u0259n qur\u011fular (skaner, plotter);
\n-veril\u0259nl\u0259ri saxlayan qur\u011fular (strimmerl\u0259r, toplay\u0131c\u0131lar v\u0259 maqnitooptik qur\u011fular);
\n-veril\u0259nl\u0259ri m\u00fcbadil\u0259 ed\u0259n qur\u011fular (faks-modeml\u0259r v\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r);
\nMasa\u00fcst\u00fc komp\u00fcterl\u0259rin sistem bloklar\u0131 \u00fcfiqi (desktop) v\u0259 \u015faqulu (mini-tower, biq tower) formada istehsal edilirl\u0259r.
\nSistem bloku daxilind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n qida bloku x\u0259td\u0259n al\u0131nan g\u0259rginliyi daxild\u0259ki qur\u011fular aras\u0131nda laz\u0131mi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ana l\u00f6vh\u0259:<\/strong>\u00a0komp\u00fcterin \u0259sas hiss\u0259si say\u0131l\u0131r. Ana l\u00f6vh\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 elementl\u0259r yerl\u0259\u015fir:
\n-Mikroprosessor (MP)<\/strong>– komp\u00fcterind\u0259 hesabi-m\u0259ntiqi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirir. Mikrosxem x\u00fcsusi qaydada haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f elektron sxeml\u0259r toplusudur. Mikroprosessorlar bir-biriind\u0259n takt tezlikl\u0259rin\u0259, y\u0259ni \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tin\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011fa M\u0130PS (saniy\u0259d\u0259 miliyon \u0259m\u0259liyyat) g\u00f6r\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nirl\u0259r. Pentium tipli komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n \u0130NTEL \u015firk\u0259tinin v\u0259 onun t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259si olan SELERON tipli mikroprosessorlardan istifad\u0259 edilir.
\nBir \u00e7ox hallarda \u00e7oxlu sayda riyazi hesablamalar\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m g\u0259lir ki, mikroprosessorlar bunu t\u0259min ed\u0259 bilmirl\u0259r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259 riyazi soprosessorlardan istifad\u0259 edilir. M\u00fcasir prosessorlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc b\u00f6y\u00fck oldu\u011fundan art\u0131q soprosessorlara ehtiyac duyulmur;
\n-\u00c7ipset<\/strong>\u00a0(mikroprosessor d\u0259sti)- komp\u00fcterin daxili qur\u011fular\u0131n\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, ana l\u00f6vh\u0259nin b\u00fct\u00fcn funksional imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin ed\u0259n mikrosxem toplusudur;
\n-\u015einl\u0259r<\/strong>– komp\u00fcterin daxili qur\u011fular\u0131 aras\u0131nda siqnallar\u0131n \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini t\u0259min ed\u0259n naqill\u0259r y\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r;
\n-\u018fm\u0259li yadda\u015f-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0259m\u0259li yadda\u015f qur\u011fusu- ( RAM-\u018fYQ)- komp\u00fcter x\u0259tt\u0259 qo\u015fulan zaman veril\u0259nl\u0259rin m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti saxlan\u0131lan mikrosxem toplusudur. G\u0259rginlik k\u0259sildikd\u0259 burada olan m\u0259lumatlar itir. Onun tutumu m\u00fcasir komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 QB olur;
\n-ke\u015f yadda\u015f<\/strong>– \u0259m\u0259li yadda\u015f il\u0259 mikroprosessor aras\u0131nda informasiya m\u00fcbadil\u0259sinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n ifrat s\u00fcr\u0259tli yadda\u015f qur\u011fusudur. Onun iki Level1 v\u0259 Level2 s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri var. Level 1 s\u0259viyy\u0259si ad\u0259t\u0259n mikroprosessorun daxilind\u0259, Level 2 s\u0259viyy\u0259si is\u0259 \u0259m\u0259li yadda\u015fla mikroprosessor aras\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015fir. Onun k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 informasiya m\u00fcbadil\u0259si s\u00fcr\u0259ti 10 d\u0259f\u0259y\u0259d\u0259k art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bel\u0259 yadda\u015flar\u0131n tutumu bir ne\u00e7\u0259 Mbayt-a q\u0259d\u0259r olur.
\n-Daimi yadda\u015f<\/strong>\u00a0qur\u011fusu (B\u0130OS-DYQ)- komp\u00fcterin ilkin y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259sini v\u0259 qur\u011fular\u0131n yoxlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n v\u0259 daxilind\u0259ki veril\u0259nl\u0259rin g\u0259rginlikd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq saxlayan yadda\u015f qur\u011fusu olan mikrosxemdir.
\n-Portlar (yuvalar<\/strong>)- \u0259lav\u0259 qur\u011fular\u0131n (slotlar\u0131n) qo\u015fulmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edirl\u0259r. Portlar paralel (LPT1-LPT4), ard\u0131c\u0131l asinxron (COM1-COM3) v\u0259 universal (USB) ola bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Paralel portlar s\u00fcr\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l portlardan, universal portlar is\u0259 h\u0259r ikisind\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\n– videoyadda\u015f<\/strong>\u00a0n\u0259tic\u0259nin ekrana \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k elektron sxem olub videokontrollerin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir;
\n-videoadapter<\/strong>\u00a0(videokart) monitorun ekran\u0131nda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f t\u0259sviri formala\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilir v\u0259 h\u0259m qrafik, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259tn rejimind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r;
\n-Kontrollerl\u0259r<\/strong>– x\u00fcsusi elektron sxeml\u0259r olub disk s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u0259ri. klaviatura v\u0259 s. il\u0259 \u0259m\u0259li yadda\u015f aras\u0131nda informasiya m\u00fcbadil\u0259sin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259n qur\u011fulard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u0259s kart\u0131 (s\u0259s adapteri)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>
\nS\u0259s m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 (musiqi, dan\u0131\u015f\u0131q v\u0259 s.) canland\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn komp\u00fcter\u0259 akustik sisteml\u0259r (s\u0259s ucaldanlar) v\u0259 s\u0259s kartlar\u0131 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0259s kart\u0131 komp\u00fcterin imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k ona musiqi ifa etm\u0259y\u0259, dan\u0131\u015fma\u011fa (x\u00fcsusi proqramlardan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259) v\u0259 m\u0259hdud \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r.
\n\u018fg\u0259r komp\u00fcter CD ROM v\u0259 s\u0259s kart\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259min olunmu\u015fsa, bel\u0259 f\u0259rdi komp\u00fcterl\u0259ri multimediyal\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131rlar. Onlardan t\u0259hsild\u0259, istirah\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 kart\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 kart\u0131 (v\u0259 ya \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 adapteri) komp\u00fcterin lokal d\u00f6vr\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulmas\u0131na imkan verir. \u018fg\u0259r firma v\u0259 ya t\u0259\u015fkilatda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n sayda komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilirs\u0259, \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 l\u00f6vh\u0259si vasit\u0259sil\u0259 il\u0259 komp\u00fcterl\u0259r aras\u0131nda informasiya m\u00fcbadil\u0259si yaratmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Monitorlar\u00a0<\/strong>r\u0259ngli v\u0259 a\u011f-qara olmaqla ekran\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259, r\u0259ngl\u0259rin miqdar\u0131na v\u0259 elektron-\u015f\u00fca borulu, LCD, plazma n\u00f6vl\u0259rin\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259r. Elektron-\u015f\u00fca borulu monitorlarda t\u0259svirin ekrana verilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 x\u00fcsusi elektron \u015f\u00fca borusundan istifad\u0259 edilir. LCD monitorlar\u0131nda ekran iki nazik lovh\u0259 aras\u0131nda y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f maye-kristal sxemld\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Plazma ekranlar\u0131nda eyni prinsipd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edils\u0259d\u0259 l\u00f6vh\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi qaz yerl\u0259\u015fdirilir. Bu tip monitorlar g\u0259rginliyi daha \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r. M\u0259hz bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 onlardan portativ komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun deyil.<\/p>\n

Klaviaturalar<\/strong>\u00a084\/86 d\u00fcym\u0259li klaviaturalara v\u0259 102\/104 d\u00fcym\u0259li klaviaturalara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259r. Klaviaturan\u0131n d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259ri: funksional d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 (F1-F12), h\u0259rf-r\u0259q\u0259m d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, kursoru idar\u0259 ed\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259rin daxil edilm\u0259si d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Mouse-<\/strong>\u00a0m\u00fcasir komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259 x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malik qur\u011fulardan biridir. Bu qur\u011fu istifad\u0259\u00e7i i\u015fini asanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox proqramlarla ondan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259d\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q \u00e7\u0259tindir. Mousun da m\u00fcxt\u0259lif n\u00f6vl\u0259ri m\u00f6vcuddur. Lakin \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 onlar\u0131n i\u015f prinsipl\u0259ri eynidir.<\/p>\n

Xarici yadda\u015f qur\u011fular\u0131:<\/strong>
\n-elastiki (yum\u015faq) disk s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc xarici yadda\u015f qur\u011fusu olan elastiki maqnit diskl\u0259rind\u0259n (disketl\u0259rd\u0259n- floppy diskl\u0259rd\u0259n) m\u0259lumat\u0131n oxunmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya onlara m\u0259lumat\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259n qur\u011fulard\u0131r;
\n-S\u0259rt maqnit diski (HDD, vin\u00e7ester)- komp\u00fcterin sistem blokunun daxilind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k xarici yadda\u015f qur\u011fusu olub, informasiyan\u0131n saxlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilir. Buraya h\u0259m informasiya yazmaq v\u0259 h\u0259m informasiyan\u0131 oradan oxumaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr;
\n-CD-ROM- kompakt diskl\u0259rd\u0259n (CD-R, CD-RW) m\u0259lumat\u0131 oxumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilir (600-800 MB);
\n-CD-Writer- kompakt diskl\u0259rd\u0259n m\u0259lumat\u0131 oxumaq v\u0259 CD-RW-l\u0259r\u0259 informasiyan\u0131 yaza bil\u0259n qur\u011fudur;
\n-DVD- DVD (4-16 QB) diskl\u0259rl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qur\u011fulard\u0131r. M\u00fcasir DVD qur\u011fular\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 CD-l\u0259rl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bilir;
\n-flash<\/strong>\u00a0(fle\u015f)-kartlar- informasiyan\u0131n saxlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilir(16 QB);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u00fc\u0259llif: Kayzen<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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