{"id":990,"date":"2018-04-10T12:05:03","date_gmt":"2018-04-10T07:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=990"},"modified":"2018-04-10T12:06:06","modified_gmt":"2018-04-10T07:06:06","slug":"sistem-bloku-system-block-haqqinda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yusif.az\/main\/?p=990","title":{"rendered":"Sistem bloku (System Block) haqq\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sistem bloku (System Block)<\/h2>\n

F\u0259rdi kompyuterin \u00fcmumi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimidir:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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M\u00fcasir f\u0259rdi kompyuter bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259sas konstruktiv komponentl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir:
\n\u2022 Sistem bloku;
\n\u2022 Monitor;
\n\u2022 Klaviatura.
\nKompyuterin m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 sistem blokun xarakteristikalar\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n<\/p>\n

Sistem blokunda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 qur\u011fular yerl\u0259\u015fir:
\n\u2022 Qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi \u2013 power supply;
\n\u2022 Sistem l\u00f6vh\u0259si (ana l\u00f6vh\u0259) \u2013 motherboard;
\n\u2022 S\u0259rt maqnit disk (HDD);
\n\u2022 Geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259 l\u00f6vh\u0259l\u0259ri;
\n\u2022 Optik disk s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u0259ri (CD, DVD);
\n\u2022 Dig\u0259r texniki qur\u011fular.
\nSistem blokun \u0259sas elementi say\u0131lan ana l\u00f6vh\u0259y\u0259 praktiki olaraq kompyuterin \u0259sas elementl\u0259ri qo\u015fulur v\u0259 ana l\u00f6vh\u0259 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 onlar aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259 yaran\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ana l\u00f6vh\u0259nin \u0259sas xarakteristikalar\u0131n\u0131 onda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 slotlar\u0131 v\u0259 slotlar\u0131n n\u00f6vl\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir. Geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 slotlar\u0131 dedikd\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 platas\u0131 (l\u00f6vh\u0259si) adlanan kontroller v\u0259 ya adapterl\u0259r n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Bel\u0259 slotlara kompyuterin daxilind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 qur\u011fular qo\u015fulur. \u018flav\u0259 qur\u011fulara videokart\u0131, audiokart\u0131, modemi v\u0259 dig\u0259r qur\u011fular\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar.
\nM\u0259lumdur ki, sistem blokun g\u00f6vd\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7oxlu sayda elementl\u0259r d\u0259sti qo\u015fulur v\u0259 bu elementl\u0259r d\u0259sti i\u015f prosesind\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n temperatura malik istiliyi \u0259trafa yay\u0131rlar. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 sistem blokunun daxilind\u0259 normal temperatur yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istehsal olunan m\u00fcasir kompyuterl\u0259r ventilyatorlar il\u0259 (ing. cooler ) t\u0259min edilirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

B\u0259zi f\u0259rdi kompyuterl\u0259rd\u0259 sistem blok daxilin\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcks\u0259k temperatura malik istilik m\u0259nb\u0259yi yaradan videokartlar\u0131 v\u0259 vin\u00e7esterl\u0259ri soyutmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn korpusda \u0259lav\u0259<\/p>\n

ventilyatorlardan da istifad\u0259 edilir.
\nDizayner v\u0259 konstruksiya bax\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcxt\u0259lif variantlarda istehsal olunan sistem bloklar\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur. Kompyuter istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0259n desktop, slimline, minitower, midi tower, big tower, monoblok sistem bloku n\u00f6vl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Desktop v\u0259 slimline n\u00f6vl\u00fc sistem bloklar\u0131nda sistem platas\u0131 vertikal, tower n\u00f6vl\u00fc system bloklar\u0131nda is\u0259 \u00fcf\u00fcqi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Monoblok tipli kompyuterl\u0259rin sistem bloklar\u0131 monitorla bir korpusda qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
\nTower tipli korpuslardan ad\u0259t\u0259n \u201ctamamlanm\u0131\u015f\u201d variantlarda istifad\u0259 olunur. Bu prinsipl\u0259 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f korpuslar masa\u00fcst\u00fc korpuslara n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259n az yer tuturlar.<\/p>\n

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Korpuslar\u0131n daxilind\u0259 ana kartdan ba\u015fqa qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi v\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 qur\u011fular\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yerl\u0259r d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdur. Korpusun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc onun daxilind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259c\u0259k qur\u011fular\u0131n say\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Sistem blokun korpusu metal v\u0259 plastik materialdan haz\u0131rlan\u0131r v\u0259 \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif funksiyalar\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetir\u0259n d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259r, korpusun arxa t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 is\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n portlar (yuvalar) yerl\u0259\u015fir. D\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 portlar\u0131n say\u0131 v\u0259 yerin\u0259 yetirdiyi funksiyalar istehsal olunan kompyuterin modelind\u0259n \u00e7ox as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Korpusun \u0259sas d\u00fcym\u0259si Power \u2013 kompyuteri g\u0259rginliy\u0259 qo\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, Reset d\u00fcym\u0259si is\u0259 kompyuterin yenid\u0259n y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur.
\nSistem blokun \u00f6n t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n indikatorlardan biri Power d\u00fcym\u0259si s\u0131x\u0131lan kimi yan\u0131r v\u0259 blokun g\u0259rginliy\u0259 qo\u015fuldu\u011funu, yan\u0131b s\u00f6n\u0259n indikator is\u0259 kompyuterin s\u0259rt diskinin i\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc bildirir. Sistem blokun arxa t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n portlar periferiya qur\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n qo\u015fulmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdur. Korpusun daxilind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f dinamik s\u0259s ucaldan\u0131 i\u015f prosesi zaman\u0131 yaranm\u0131\u015f nasazl\u0131q haqq\u0131nda s\u0259s siqnal\u0131 verir. Verilmi\u015f siqnal\u0131n ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan v\u0259 uzunlu\u011fundan as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq istifad\u0259\u00e7i kompyuterin hans\u0131 hiss\u0259sind\u0259 nasazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f verdiyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

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Qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi (Power Supply)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kompyuterin qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi onun \u0259n vacib v\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox probleml\u0259r yaradan hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. H\u0259ddind\u0259n \u00e7ox q\u0131zma, gurultulu s\u0259sl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 v\u0259 xo\u015fag\u0259lm\u0259z s\u0259sl\u0259r qida m\u0259nb\u0259yinin yax\u015f\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Elektrik c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131n\u0131n tez-tez k\u0259silm\u0259si, \u00e7ox a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri qida m\u0259nb\u0259yind\u0259 meydana g\u0259l\u0259n probleml\u0259rin ba\u015fl\u0131ca s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Qida m\u0259nb\u0259yind\u0259 bu c\u00fcr probleml\u0259r meydana g\u0259ldiyind\u0259 onun d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fundur.<\/p>\n

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Qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259 istehsal edilir. Ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan qida m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri 75 W \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 malik idi. Haz\u0131rda bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici 920 W-a q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259ldilmi\u015fdir. F\u0259rdi kompyuterl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n qida m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0259n 350\u00f7450 W \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 malikdirl\u0259r.
\nQida m\u0259nb\u0259yi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00fcc kabelinin birl\u0259\u015fdiyi yerin alt hiss\u0259sind\u0259 ki\u00e7ik q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 r\u0259ngd\u0259 bir a\u00e7ar olur. Bu a\u00e7ar il\u0259 qida m\u0259nb\u0259yinin uy\u011fun g\u0259rginlik qiym\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dilm\u0259si t\u0259min edilir.
\nAPM (Advanced Power Management \u2013 T\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f Qida \u0130dar\u0259etm\u0259si) \u2013 Microsoft v\u0259 Intel t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00fcc s\u0259rfini azaltmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 f\u0259rdi kompyuter istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fcz\u0259ldilmi\u015fdir v\u0259 daima inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. APM anakart, B\u0130OS v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bel\u0259 qida m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri haz\u0131rlay\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi m\u00f6vcud 220 V AC (d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131) \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 g\u0259rginliyini 3.3V, 5.0V v\u0259 12.0V DC (sabit c\u0259r\u0259yan) g\u0259rginliyin\u0259 \u00e7evirir. \u018fld\u0259 edil\u0259n g\u00fcc sistem qur\u011fular\u0131na paylan\u0131r. \u018fsas\u0259n, anakart v\u0259 dig\u0259r kartlar 3.3V\u00f75V, disk m\u00fch\u0259rriki v\u0259 soyutma p\u0259rl\u0259ri (fan) 12V il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259 sistemin b\u00fct\u00fcn enerji t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131 qida m\u0259nb\u0259yind\u0259n t\u0259min edilir.
\nQida m\u0259nb\u0259yi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 olan p\u0259rin rolu da \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr. Qida m\u0259nb\u0259yini soyudaraq daxili istiliyin sabit qalmas\u0131n\u0131 qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n p\u0259r t\u0259min edir, v\u0259 p\u0259r qida m\u0259nb\u0259yinin xaric\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q olan arxa t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilir.
\nAT sistem bloklar\u0131n\u0131n qida m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri a\u00e7ar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. ATX sistem bloklar\u0131n\u0131n qida m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259vv\u0259lki qida m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n i\u015f v\u0259 qurulu\u015f etibaril\u0259 \u00e7ox f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Daha da t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f bu qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 il\u0259 g\u00fcc yoxlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan yarad\u0131r. Sistem tamamil\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olsa bel\u0259, ATX sistem blokunun qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi anakart\u0131 fasil\u0259siz olaraq 5.0V sabit g\u0259rginlikl\u0259 t\u0259min edir. Bunun da say\u0259sind\u0259 sistem \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259 bilir. ATX bazal\u0131 qida m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri dig\u0259r standart qida m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259ni dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nQida m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin sistem bloku daxilind\u0259 olan qur\u011fularla \u0259laq\u0259sini t\u0259min ed\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u00f6v\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

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Qida m\u0259nb\u0259yinin \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndak\u0131 g\u0259rginlik qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kompyuterin sistem blokunun oldu\u011fu m\u00fchitin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olduqca s\u0259rin olmas\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 tozlu olmamas\u0131na s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rin, \u00e7\u00fcnki qida m\u0259nb\u0259yinin p\u0259ri, daxilind\u0259 olan havan\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259diyi m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 i\u00e7\u0259risin\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 uzun zaman daxilind\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan toz m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259n sonra qida m\u0259nb\u0259yin\u0259 m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Elektrik rezonanslar\u0131 v\u0259 k\u0259silm\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rinin z\u0259r\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 fasil\u0259siz qida m\u0259nb\u0259yind\u0259n (UPS) istifad\u0259 edin.
\nF\u0259rdi kompyuterl\u0259rin qida m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri 350\u00f7450 W g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259 standart olaraq istehsal edilir. Anakart \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki m\u00f6vcud b\u00fct\u00fcn slotlar (s\u00f6k\u00fckl\u0259r) i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259rs\u0259, ya da \u00e7ox sayda s\u0259rt disk, optik disk qur\u011fular istifad\u0259 edil\u0259rs\u0259, bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 350 W g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259 bir qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi kifay\u0259t etm\u0259z. Sistem blokunun daxilind\u0259 olan b\u00fct\u00fcn qur\u011fular\u0131n \u00fcmumi ehtiyac\u0131 olan g\u00fcc miqdar\u0131 350W-a \u00e7ox yax\u0131nd\u0131rsa, 350W \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 sahib bir qida m\u0259nb\u0259yinin istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si kifay\u0259t deyil, \u00e7\u00fcnki qida m\u0259nb\u0259yinin normal i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, h\u0259cminin ham\u0131s\u0131 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259m\u0259lidir. Bu \u0259sas\u0259n server kompyuterl\u0259rin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n c\u00fct qida m\u0259nb\u0259yinin istifad\u0259si, bir qida m\u0259nb\u0259yinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 v\u0259 ikincisinin k\u00f6m\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 qoyuldu\u011funu bildirir, lakin serverl\u0259rd\u0259 ikinci qida m\u0259nb\u0259yinin \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di birinci qida m\u0259nb\u0259yini qidaland\u0131rmaqd\u0131r. Serverl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir k\u0259silm\u0259nin olmamas\u0131na diqq\u0259t edildiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bel\u0259 bir ehtiyat qida m\u0259nb\u0259yin\u0259 ehtiyac hiss edilmi\u015fdir. Birinci qida m\u0259nb\u0259yind\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir problem meydana g\u0259ldiyi zaman ehtiyatda g\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259n qida m\u0259nb\u0259yi avtomatik olaraq d\u00f6vr\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulur.
\nAdi f\u0259rdi kompyuterl\u0259rd\u0259 qur\u011fular\u0131n t\u0259xmini olaraq n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fcc t\u0259l\u0259b etdiyi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir:<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/div>
\r\n